【问题标题】:library is linked but reference is undefined库已链接,但引用未定义
【发布时间】:2011-12-08 15:51:07
【问题描述】:

我正在尝试使用以前工作过的 NVIDIA 卡在 Ubuntu 上编译一个 openCL 程序,

#include <CL/cl.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

int main() {
  cl_platform_id platform;
  cl_device_id device;
  cl_context context;
  cl_command_queue command_queue;
  cl_int error;

  if(clGetPlatformIDs(1, &platform, NULL) != CL_SUCCESS) {
    cout << "platform error" << endl;
  }

  if(clGetDeviceIDs(platform, CL_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU, 1, &device, NULL) != CL_SUCCESS) {
    cout << "device error" << endl;
  }

  context = clCreateContext(NULL, 1, &device, NULL, NULL, &error);
  if(error != CL_SUCCESS) {
    cout << "context error" << endl;
  }

  command_queue = clCreateCommandQueue(context, device, 0, &error);
  if(error != CL_SUCCESS) {
    cout << "command queue error" << endl;
  }

  return 0;
}

我是这样编译的,

g++ -I/usr/local/cuda/include -L/usr/lib/nvidia-current -lOpenCL opencl.cpp

我得到了这个结果

/tmp/ccAdS9ig.o: In function `main':
opencl.cpp:(.text+0x1a): undefined reference to `clGetPlatformIDs'
opencl.cpp:(.text+0x3d): undefined reference to `clGetDeviceIDs'
opencl.cpp:(.text+0x65): undefined reference to `clCreateContext'
opencl.cpp:(.text+0x85): undefined reference to `clCreateCommandQueue'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

nm -D /usr/lib/nvidia-current/libOpenCL.so 告诉我 libOpenCL.so 至少包含 clGetPlatformIDs

0000000000002400 T clGetKernelWorkGroupInfo
0000000000002140 T clGetMemObjectInfo
0000000000002e80 T clGetPlatformIDs
0000000000002de0 T clGetPlatformInfo
0000000000002310 T clGetProgramBuildInfo
00000000000022f0 T clGetProgramInfo
00000000000021f0 T clGetSamplerInfo

我是不是错过了什么。

【问题讨论】:

    标签: c++ ubuntu linker opencl


    【解决方案1】:

    链接时,库和源文件的顺序会有所不同。例如对于您的情况,

    g++ -I/usr/local/cuda/include -L/usr/lib/nvidia-current -lOpenCL opencl.cpp

    OpenCL 库中定义的函数可能不会被加载,因为在它们之前没有任何东西要求查找。但是,如果您使用,

    g++ opencl.cpp -I/usr/local/cuda/include -L/usr/lib/nvidia-current -lOpenCL  
    

    那么任何对函数的请求都会在 OpenCL 库中找到并被加载。

    【讨论】:

    • 订单。顺序是关键。谢谢。
    【解决方案2】:

    来自gcc 手册页:

       -llibrary
       -l library
           Search the library named library when linking.  (The second alternative with the library as a separate argument is only for POSIX compliance and is not recommended.)
    
           It makes a difference where in the command you write this option; the linker searches and processes libraries and object files in the order they are specified.  Thus, foo.o
           -lz bar.o searches library z after file foo.o but before bar.o.  If bar.o refers to functions in z, those functions may not be loaded.
    
           The linker searches a standard list of directories for the library, which is actually a file named liblibrary.a.  The linker then uses this file as if it had been specified
           precisely by name.
    

    因此请尝试在编译命令中的文件参数之后指定-lOpenCL

    您还可以在共享库文件 libOpenCL.so 中搜索符号。使用您的命令,您可以将程序链接到一个静态库,格式为 libOpenCL.a

    【讨论】:

    • 关于静态链接的最后一句话是不正确的。共享库平台上的现代 gcc 版本会自动优先使用共享库而不是静态库,只有在找不到共享版本或指定 -static 选项时才会回退到静态。
    【解决方案3】:

    或者,您可以将标头和库路径添加到全局变量中。

    export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH:/usr/local/cuda/include
    export LIBRARY_PATH=$LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/lib/nvidia-current
    

    你也可以尝试设置

    export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/cuda/bin
    

    现在应该可以运行了

    g++ opencl.cpp
    

    【讨论】:

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