使用旧版 gcc 编译程序

Question

使用我实际上可以提供的信息来解决这可能是一个非常困难的问题，但我希望有人至少能够为我指出一个可能的方向。

我正在尝试安装 HTK (http://htk.eng.cam.ac.uk/)，根据 this 页面需要使用 gcc 3.4 安装它。他们实现向后兼容性的方法：

#yum install compat-gcc-34-c++ compat-gcc-34

在我运行 Ubuntu 时对我不起作用（在此说明，我认为我不能简单地安装 YUM 和后续软件包，因为它是一个完全不同的发行版，但如果我错了，我我很想听）。

我使用来自this 站点的说明安装了两个版本的 gcc 3.4 - 3.4.0 和 3.4.6。然后，我将该页面建议的行添加到 makefile 的顶部（在此注释中，makefile 和 makefile.in 之间有什么区别？我尝试将这些行添加到两个文件的顶部），两者都适用于版本 3.4.0和 3.4.6，但都失败了。我也尝试过用我当前的版本（4.4.1）编译它，但这也失败了。我得到了错误：

(cd HTKLib && make HTKLib.a) \
      || case "" in *k*) fail=yes;; *) exit 1;; esac;
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/charles/bin/htk-3.4/HTKLib'
gcc  -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="i686"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I.    -c -o HGraf.o HGraf.c
HGraf.c:73:77: error: X11/Xlib.h: No such file or directory
HGraf.c:74:23: error: X11/Xutil.h: No such file or directory
HGraf.c:75:21: error: X11/Xos.h: No such file or directory
HGraf.c:77:27: error: X11/keysymdef.h: No such file or directory
HGraf.c:87: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token
HGraf.c:88: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘rootW’
HGraf.c:91: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘theCmap’
HGraf.c:92: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘theGC’
HGraf.c:93: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘gcs’
HGraf.c:95: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token
HGraf.c:96: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘report’
HGraf.c:97: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘hints’
HGraf.c:111: error: ‘GXcopy’ undeclared here (not in a function)
HGraf.c:111: error: ‘GXor’ undeclared here (not in a function)
HGraf.c:111: error: ‘GXxor’ undeclared here (not in a function)
HGraf.c:111: error: ‘GXinvert’ undeclared here (not in a function)
HGraf.c:151: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token
HGraf.c: In function ‘InstallFonts’:
HGraf.c:164: error: ‘FontInfo’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:164: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
HGraf.c:164: error: for each function it appears in.)
HGraf.c:164: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XLoadQueryFont’
HGraf.c:164: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:167: error: ‘DefaultFont’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c: At top level:
HGraf.c:176: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
HGraf.c: In function ‘HGetEvent’:
HGraf.c:219: error: ‘XEvent’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:219: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘xev’
HGraf.c:223: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XFlush’
HGraf.c:223: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:225: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XEventsQueued’
HGraf.c:225: error: ‘QueuedAfterFlush’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:226: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XNextEvent’
HGraf.c:226: error: ‘xev’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:228: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:230: error: ‘ButtonPress’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:235: error: ‘ButtonRelease’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:240: error: ‘MotionNotify’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:245: error: ‘KeyPress’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:249: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘DecodeKeyPress’
HGraf.c:251: error: ‘KeyRelease’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:257: error: ‘Expose’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c: In function ‘HEventsPending’:
HGraf.c:281: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:281: error: ‘QueuedAfterFlush’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c: In function ‘HMousePos’:
HGraf.c:288: error: ‘Window’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:288: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘root’
HGraf.c:293: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XQueryPointer’
HGraf.c:293: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:293: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:293: error: ‘root’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:293: error: ‘child’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c: In function ‘InstallColours’:
HGraf.c:311: error: ‘XColor’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:311: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘greyDef’
HGraf.c:317: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XParseColor’
HGraf.c:317: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:317: error: ‘theCmap’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:317: error: ‘colourDef’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:320: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XAllocColor’
HGraf.c:334: error: ‘whiteDef’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:334: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XQueryColor’
HGraf.c:335: error: ‘blackDef’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:341: error: ‘greyDef’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c: In function ‘HSetColour’:
HGraf.c:361: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XSetForeground’
HGraf.c:361: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:361: error: ‘gcs’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c: In function ‘HSetGrey’:
HGraf.c:370: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:370: error: ‘gcs’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c: In function ‘HDrawLines’:
HGraf.c:388: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XDrawLines’
HGraf.c:388: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:388: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:388: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:388: error: ‘XPoint’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:388: error: expected expression before ‘)’ token
HGraf.c: In function ‘HDrawRectangle’:
HGraf.c:395: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XDrawRectangle’
HGraf.c:395: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:395: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:395: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c: In function ‘HFillRectangle’:
HGraf.c:402: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XFillRectangle’
HGraf.c:402: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:402: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:402: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c: In function ‘HDrawLine’:
HGraf.c:408: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XDrawLine’
HGraf.c:408: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:408: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:408: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c: In function ‘HFillPolygon’:
HGraf.c:414: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XFillPolygon’
HGraf.c:414: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:414: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:414: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:414: error: ‘XPoint’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:414: error: expected expression before ‘)’ token
HGraf.c: In function ‘HDrawArc’:
HGraf.c:427: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XDrawArc’
HGraf.c:427: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:427: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:427: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c: In function ‘HFillArc’:
HGraf.c:440: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XFillArc’
HGraf.c:440: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:440: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:440: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c: In function ‘HPrintf’:
HGraf.c:451: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XDrawString’
HGraf.c:451: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:451: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:451: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c: In function ‘HCopyArea’:
HGraf.c:457: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XCopyArea’
HGraf.c:457: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:457: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:457: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c: In function ‘HPlotVector’:
HGraf.c:476: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:476: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:476: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c: In function ‘HSetFontSize’:
HGraf.c:490: error: ‘CurrentFont’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:490: error: ‘DefaultFont’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:499: error: ‘FontInfo’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:502: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XSetFont’
HGraf.c:502: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:502: error: ‘gcs’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c: In function ‘HSetLineWidth’:
HGraf.c:511: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XSetLineAttributes’
HGraf.c:511: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:511: error: ‘gcs’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:511: error: ‘LineSolid’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:511: error: ‘JoinRound’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:511: error: ‘FillSolid’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c: In function ‘HSetXMode’:
HGraf.c:517: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:517: error: ‘gcs’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c: In function ‘CentreX’:
HGraf.c:523: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XTextWidth’
HGraf.c:523: error: ‘CurrentFont’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c: In function ‘CentreY’:
HGraf.c:529: error: ‘CurrentFont’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c: In function ‘HTextWidth’:
HGraf.c:535: error: ‘CurrentFont’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c: In function ‘HTextHeight’:
HGraf.c:541: error: ‘CurrentFont’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c: In function ‘HDrawImage’:
HGraf.c:550: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token
HGraf.c:550: error: ‘xi’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:557: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XDestroyImage’
HGraf.c:558: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XGetImage’
HGraf.c:558: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:558: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:558: error: ‘AllPlanes’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:558: error: ‘XYPixmap’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:562: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XPutPixel’
HGraf.c:564: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XPutImage’
HGraf.c:564: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c: In function ‘HFlush’:
HGraf.c:570: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c: In function ‘InitGCs’:
HGraf.c:780: error: ‘XGCValues’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:780: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘values’
HGraf.c:783: error: ‘GCLineWidth’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:783: error: ‘GCFunction’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:783: error: ‘GCForeground’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:785: error: ‘values’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:788: error: ‘gcs’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:788: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XCreateGC’
HGraf.c:788: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:788: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:790: error: ‘GCPlaneMask’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c: In function ‘InitGlobals’:
HGraf.c:800: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘DefaultScreen’
HGraf.c:800: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:801: error: ‘theCmap’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:801: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘DefaultColormap’
HGraf.c:802: error: ‘rootW’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:802: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘RootWindow’
HGraf.c:803: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:803: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘DefaultGC’
HGraf.c:804: error: ‘theVisual’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:804: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘DefaultVisual’
HGraf.c:805: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘DisplayCells’
HGraf.c:806: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘DisplayWidth’
HGraf.c:807: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘DisplayHeight’
HGraf.c:808: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘DisplayPlanes’
HGraf.c:809: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘WhitePixel’
HGraf.c:810: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘BlackPixel’
HGraf.c: In function ‘MakeXGraf’:
HGraf.c:817: error: ‘Window’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:817: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘window’
HGraf.c:818: error: ‘XSetWindowAttributes’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:818: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘setwinattr’
HGraf.c:823: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:823: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XOpenDisplay’
HGraf.c:824: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XDisplayName’
HGraf.c:828: error: ‘parent’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:829: error: ‘window’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:829: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XCreateSimpleWindow’
HGraf.c:831: error: ‘CWBackingStore’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:831: error: ‘setwinattr’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:831: error: ‘WhenMapped’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:832: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XChangeWindowAttributes’
HGraf.c:834: error: ‘hints’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:834: error: ‘PPosition’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:834: error: ‘PSize’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:834: error: ‘PMaxSize’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:834: error: ‘PMinSize’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:841: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XSetStandardProperties’
HGraf.c:841: error: ‘None’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:843: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XSelectInput’
HGraf.c:843: error: ‘ExposureMask’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:843: error: ‘KeyPressMask’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:843: error: ‘ButtonPressMask’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:844: error: ‘ButtonReleaseMask’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:844: error: ‘PointerMotionHintMask’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:844: error: ‘PointerMotionMask’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:845: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XMapWindow’
HGraf.c:845: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:850: error: ‘report’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:851: error: ‘Expose’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:852: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XSendEvent’
HGraf.c:852: error: ‘False’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c: In function ‘TermHGraf’:
HGraf.c:861: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function)
HGraf.c:862: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XCloseDisplay’
make[1]: *** [HGraf.o] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/charles/bin/htk-3.4/HTKLib'
make: *** [HTKLib/HTKLib.a] Error 1

感谢您提供的任何帮助。

Answer 1

第一个错误可能表明原因：

error: X11/Xlib.h: No such file or directory

有一次需要为 gcc 设置 $INCLUDE_PATH。

Answer 2

在我看来，您缺少 X11 开发包。

Answer 3

因此，makefile.in 的存在表明程序正在使用 autoconf。既然如此，我建议你把 makefile 和 makefile.in 都放回去，然后重做配置步骤：

GCC_VERSION=3.4.0 PREFIX=/usr/local/gcc/${GCC_VERSION}/bin/ CC=${PREFIX}gcc CPP=${PREFIX}g++ ./configure

显然，您应该编辑它以匹配编译器的实际版本和安装它的路径，并添加您需要的任何额外配置参数。

Answer 4

您确定安装了 X11-devel 软件包吗？看起来像 X11 头文件的严重缺乏。

Answer 5

第一组错误是

HGraf.c:73:77: error: X11/Xlib.h: No such file or directory 
HGraf.c:74:23: error: X11/Xutil.h: No such file or directory 
HGraf.c:75:21: error: X11/Xos.h: No such file or directory 
HGraf.c:77:27: error: X11/keysymdef.h: No such file or directory

即您的编译器找不到 X11 头文件。这些可能类似于/usr/X11R6/include。尝试将该包含路径添加到您的 make 命令中，例如

make CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -I/usr/X11R6/include"

如果 makefile 是非标准的，您可能需要对其进行编辑以插入此路径。如果您运行了配置脚本，请重新配置

./configure CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -I/usr/X11R6/include" # Include any other options

Answer 6

从 Ubuntu 存储库 (sudo apt-get install gcc-4.3) 安装 gcc-3.4。

然后使用./configure CC="gcc-4.3"配置项目并照常制作。

这可能行不通，但可以为您指明正确的方向。

编辑：Ubuntu 上的 X11 开发库被命名为 libx11-dev，但它们可能不是您缺少的唯一开发库：阅读错误并尝试猜测您缺少哪些其他库（如果您注意到标头是缺少尝试在http://packages.ubuntu.com 中搜索文件名并使用sudo apt-get install 添加相关包）。