总结
使用此答案中描述的技术，可以使用以下语法在 using 块中使用 WCF 服务：
var channelFactory = new ChannelFactory<IMyService>("");
var serviceHelper = new ServiceHelper<IMyService>(channelFactory);
var proxy = serviceHelper.CreateChannel();
using (proxy as IDisposable)
{
proxy.DoWork();
}
您当然可以进一步调整它以实现针对您的情况的更简洁的编程模型 - 但关键是我们可以创建一个 IMyService 的实现来表示正确实现一次性模式的通道。
详情
到目前为止给出的所有答案都解决了在IDisposable 的 WCF 通道实现中解决“错误”的问题。似乎提供了最简洁的编程模型（允许您使用using 块来处理非托管资源）的答案是this one - 其中代理被修改以实现IDisposable 并具有无错误的实现。这种方法的问题是可维护性——我们必须为我们使用的任何代理重新实现这个功能。在这个答案的一个变体中，我们将看到我们如何使用 composition 而不是继承来使这种技术通用。
第一次尝试
IDisposable 实现似乎有多种实现方式，但为了论证，我们将使用currently accepted answer 使用的一种改编。
[ServiceContract]
public interface IMyService
{
[OperationContract]
void DoWork();
}
public class ProxyDisposer : IDisposable
{
private IClientChannel _clientChannel;
public ProxyDisposer(IClientChannel clientChannel)
{
_clientChannel = clientChannel;
}
public void Dispose()
{
var success = false;
try
{
_clientChannel.Close();
success = true;
}
finally
{
if (!success)
_clientChannel.Abort();
_clientChannel = null;
}
}
}
public class ProxyWrapper : IMyService, IDisposable
{
private IMyService _proxy;
private IDisposable _proxyDisposer;
public ProxyWrapper(IMyService proxy, IDisposable disposable)
{
_proxy = proxy;
_proxyDisposer = disposable;
}
public void DoWork()
{
_proxy.DoWork();
}
public void Dispose()
{
_proxyDisposer.Dispose();
}
}
有了上面的类，我们现在可以编写了
public class ServiceHelper
{
private readonly ChannelFactory<IMyService> _channelFactory;
public ServiceHelper(ChannelFactory<IMyService> channelFactory )
{
_channelFactory = channelFactory;
}
public IMyService CreateChannel()
{
var channel = _channelFactory.CreateChannel();
var channelDisposer = new ProxyDisposer(channel as IClientChannel);
return new ProxyWrapper(channel, channelDisposer);
}
}
这允许我们使用using 块来使用我们的服务：
ServiceHelper serviceHelper = ...;
var proxy = serviceHelper.CreateChannel();
using (proxy as IDisposable)
{
proxy.DoWork();
}
使这个通用
到目前为止，我们所做的只是重新格式化Tomas' solution。阻止此代码通用的原因是 ProxyWrapper 类必须为我们想要的每个服务合同重新实现。我们现在将看一个允许我们使用 IL 动态创建此类型的类：
public class ServiceHelper<T>
{
private readonly ChannelFactory<T> _channelFactory;
private static readonly Func<T, IDisposable, T> _channelCreator;
static ServiceHelper()
{
/**
* Create a method that can be used generate the channel.
* This is effectively a compiled verion of new ProxyWrappper(channel, channelDisposer) for our proxy type
* */
var assemblyName = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
var an = new AssemblyName(assemblyName);
var assemblyBuilder = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly(an, AssemblyBuilderAccess.Run);
var moduleBuilder = assemblyBuilder.DefineDynamicModule(assemblyName);
var proxyType = CreateProxyType(moduleBuilder, typeof(T), typeof(IDisposable));
var channelCreatorMethod = new DynamicMethod("ChannelFactory", typeof(T),
new[] { typeof(T), typeof(IDisposable) });
var ilGen = channelCreatorMethod.GetILGenerator();
var proxyVariable = ilGen.DeclareLocal(typeof(T));
var disposableVariable = ilGen.DeclareLocal(typeof(IDisposable));
ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg, proxyVariable);
ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg, disposableVariable);
ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, proxyType.GetConstructor(new[] { typeof(T), typeof(IDisposable) }));
ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
_channelCreator =
(Func<T, IDisposable, T>)channelCreatorMethod.CreateDelegate(typeof(Func<T, IDisposable, T>));
}
public ServiceHelper(ChannelFactory<T> channelFactory)
{
_channelFactory = channelFactory;
}
public T CreateChannel()
{
var channel = _channelFactory.CreateChannel();
var channelDisposer = new ProxyDisposer(channel as IClientChannel);
return _channelCreator(channel, channelDisposer);
}
/**
* Creates a dynamic type analogous to ProxyWrapper, implementing T and IDisposable.
* This method is actually more generic than this exact scenario.
* */
private static Type CreateProxyType(ModuleBuilder moduleBuilder, params Type[] interfacesToInjectAndImplement)
{
TypeBuilder tb = moduleBuilder.DefineType(Guid.NewGuid().ToString(),
TypeAttributes.Public | TypeAttributes.Class);
var typeFields = interfacesToInjectAndImplement.ToDictionary(tf => tf,
tf => tb.DefineField("_" + tf.Name, tf, FieldAttributes.Private));
#region Constructor
var constructorBuilder = tb.DefineConstructor(
MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.HideBySig | MethodAttributes.SpecialName |
MethodAttributes.RTSpecialName,
CallingConventions.Standard,
interfacesToInjectAndImplement);
var il = constructorBuilder.GetILGenerator();
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Call, typeof(object).GetConstructor(new Type[0]));
for (var i = 1; i <= interfacesToInjectAndImplement.Length; i++)
{
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg, i);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, typeFields[interfacesToInjectAndImplement[i - 1]]);
}
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
#endregion
#region Add Interface Implementations
foreach (var type in interfacesToInjectAndImplement)
{
tb.AddInterfaceImplementation(type);
}
#endregion
#region Implement Interfaces
foreach (var type in interfacesToInjectAndImplement)
{
foreach (var method in type.GetMethods())
{
var methodBuilder = tb.DefineMethod(method.Name,
MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.Virtual | MethodAttributes.HideBySig |
MethodAttributes.Final | MethodAttributes.NewSlot,
method.ReturnType,
method.GetParameters().Select(p => p.ParameterType).ToArray());
il = methodBuilder.GetILGenerator();
if (method.ReturnType == typeof(void))
{
il.Emit(OpCodes.Nop);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, typeFields[type]);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, method);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
}
else
{
il.DeclareLocal(method.ReturnType);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Nop);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, typeFields[type]);
var methodParameterInfos = method.GetParameters();
for (var i = 0; i < methodParameterInfos.Length; i++)
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg, (i + 1));
il.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, method);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc_0);
var defineLabel = il.DefineLabel();
il.Emit(OpCodes.Br_S, defineLabel);
il.MarkLabel(defineLabel);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_0);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
}
tb.DefineMethodOverride(methodBuilder, method);
}
}
#endregion
return tb.CreateType();
}
}
使用我们的新帮助类，我们现在可以编写
var channelFactory = new ChannelFactory<IMyService>("");
var serviceHelper = new ServiceHelper<IMyService>(channelFactory);
var proxy = serviceHelper.CreateChannel();
using (proxy as IDisposable)
{
proxy.DoWork();
}
请注意，对于继承 ClientBase<>（而不是使用 ChannelFactory<>）的自动生成客户端，或者如果您想使用 IDisposable 的不同实现，您也可以使用相同的技术（稍作修改）关闭您的频道。