Target Boost::<library> 已经有一个导入的位置 + 链接错误答案

【问题标题】：Target Boost::<library> already has an imported location + link errorsTarget Boost::<library> 已经有一个导入的位置 + 链接错误
【发布时间】：2023-03-19 19:06:02
【问题描述】：

我正在使用 Homebrew 在 MacOS Mojave 上安装 LLVM、Boost 和 CMake。在将我的 LLVM 升级到 9.0.0 版本并将 Boost 升级到 1.71.0 之后，CMake (v3.15.3) 开始抱怨各种库已经有一个导入的位置，例如：

CMake Warning at /usr/local/lib/cmake/boost_system-1.71.0/libboost_system-variant-shared.cmake:59 (message):
  Target Boost::system already has an imported location
  '/usr/local/lib/libboost_system-mt.dylib', which will be overwritten with
  '/usr/local/lib/libboost_system.dylib'
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  /usr/local/lib/cmake/boost_system-1.71.0/boost_system-config.cmake:43 (include)
  /usr/local/lib/cmake/Boost-1.71.0/BoostConfig.cmake:117 (find_package)
  /usr/local/lib/cmake/Boost-1.71.0/BoostConfig.cmake:182 (boost_find_component)
  /usr/local/Cellar/cmake/3.15.3/share/cmake/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:443 (find_package)
  src/CMakeLists.txt:673 (find_package)

我的CMakeLists.txt 的相关部分看起来像：

set(REQUIRED_BOOST_LIBRARIES
    system
    filesystem
    program_options
    date_time
    log_setup
    log
    iostreams
    timer
    thread
)

find_package (Boost 1.65 REQUIRED COMPONENTS ${REQUIRED_BOOST_LIBRARIES} REQUIRED)
message(STATUS "Boost include dir: " ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIR})
    message(STATUS "Boost libraries: " ${Boost_LIBRARIES})
target_include_directories (myproject PUBLIC
        ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIR})
target_link_libraries (myproject ${Boost_LIBRARIES} ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
check_ipo_supported(RESULT ipo_supported OUTPUT output)
if(ipo_supported)
    set_property(TARGET myproject PROPERTY INTERPROCEDURAL_OPTIMIZATION TRUE)
endif()

我的项目编译成功后也出现了一堆链接错误，比如：

undef: __ZN5boost3log11v2_mt_posix5sinks17text_file_backend7consumeERKNS1_11record_viewERKNSt3__112basic_stringIcNS7_11char_traitsIcEENS7_9allocatorIcEEEE
undef: __ZN5boost3log11v2_mt_posix5sinks17text_file_backendD1Ev
undef: __ZN5boost3log11v2_mt_posix3aux17code_convert_implEPKwmRNSt3__112basic_stringIcNS5_11char_traitsIcEENS5_9allocatorIcEEEEmRKNS5_6localeE
undef: __ZNK5boost3log11v2_mt_posix19attribute_value_set4findENS1_14attribute_nameE
...
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
  "boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sinks::text_file_backend::consume(boost::log::v2_mt_posix::record_view const&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&)", referenced from:
      boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sinks::synchronous_sink<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sinks::text_file_backend>::consume(boost::log::v2_mt_posix::record_view const&) in lto.o
      boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sinks::synchronous_sink<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sinks::text_file_backend>::try_consume(boost::log::v2_mt_posix::record_view const&) in lto.o
  "boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sinks::text_file_backend::~text_file_backend()", referenced from:
      boost::detail::sp_counted_impl_pd<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sinks::text_file_backend*, boost::detail::sp_ms_deleter<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sinks::text_file_backend> >::~sp_counted_impl_pd() in lto.o
      boost::detail::sp_counted_impl_pd<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sinks::text_file_backend*, boost::detail::sp_ms_deleter<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sinks::text_file_backend> >::~sp_counted_impl_pd() in lto.o
      boost::detail::sp_counted_impl_pd<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sinks::text_file_backend*, boost::detail::sp_ms_deleter<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sinks::text_file_backend> >::dispose() in lto.o
  "boost::log::v2_mt_posix::aux::code_convert_impl(wchar_t const*, unsigned long, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >&, unsigned long, std::__1::locale const&)", referenced from:
      void boost::log::v2_mt_posix::type_dispatcher::callback_base::trampoline<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::binder1st<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::output_fun, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::expressions::aux::stream_ref<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::basic_formatting_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > >&>, std::__1::basic_string<wchar_t, std::__1::char_traits<wchar_t>, std::__1::allocator<wchar_t> > >(void*, std::__1::basic_string<wchar_t, std::__1::char_traits<wchar_t>, std::__1::allocator<wchar_t> > const&) in lto.o
...

我查看了 CMake 生成的链接器命令，它似乎选择了非-mt.dylib Boost 库：

clang++ ... /usr/local/lib/libboost_system.dylib /usr/local/lib/libboost_filesystem.dylib /usr/local/lib/libboost_program_options.dylib /usr/local/lib/libboost_date_time.dylib /usr/local/lib/libboost_log_setup.dylib /usr/local/lib/libboost_log.dylib /usr/local/lib/libboost_iostreams.dylib /usr/local/lib/libboost_timer.dylib /usr/local/lib/libboost_thread-mt.dylib /usr/local/lib/libhts.dylib  /usr/local/lib/libboost_filesystem.dylib /usr/local/lib/libboost_date_time.dylib /usr/local/lib/libboost_atomic-mt.dylib /usr/local/lib/libboost_regex.dylib /usr/local/lib/libboost_chrono.dylib

我想这就是 CMake 警告所暗示的。为什么会开始发生这种情况？可以做些什么？

【问题讨论】：

标签： c++ boost cmake linker

【解决方案1】：

我询问了有关 Slack 上的 CMake 警告。正如 Peter Dimov 所解释的：

这是因为 homebrew 同时安装了多线程和单线程的 boost

此外，由于 boost 1.71 的 cmake 支持存在问题，Boost_USE_MULTITHREADED 不受尊重

我已经为下一个版本修复了这个问题

您可以定义 Boost_NO_BOOST_CMAKE=ON 来绕过它

请参阅https://github.com/boostorg/boost_install/issues/13，它应该会在下一个版本中修复。

2020 年 1 月 22 日：将 boost 到 brew upgrade boost 更新到 1.72 并将 set(Boost_USE_MULTITHREADED TRUE) 添加到我的 CMakeLists.txt 已为我解决了这个问题。

【讨论】：