如何在 Java 中从 USB 令牌获取 KeyStore

Question

我已经有一个 SafeNet 5100 eToken，其中包含一个有效证书，我用它来访问我公司需要它的 Web 应用程序（多因素身份验证）。

我正在创建一个桌面应用程序来访问该网站。我已经能够将网站的证书添加到 TrustStore 并将我的证书放入 KeyStore。

到目前为止我得到的是：

System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStore", "U:\\Certificados\\efau.truestore");
System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStoreType", "jks");
System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword", "oiadad");

KeyManagerFactory kFac;
SSLContext sslContext;
SSLSocketFactory sockFactory = null;
KeyStore ks;

try {
    // load keystore present in windows and print aliases found (only one, so nextElement always prints same information (name of certificate inside usb token I want to open))
    ks = KeyStore.getInstance("Windows-MY", "SunMSCAPI");
    ks.load(null, null);
    System.out.println(ks.aliases().nextElement());
    System.out.println(ks.aliases().nextElement());

    // try to load my certificate specifically from all certificates and passes necessary token password to it
    InputStream in = IOUtils.toInputStream(ks.aliases().nextElement(), "UTF-8");
    System.out.println(in);
    ks.load(in, password);

    // print certificate to check if I have it
    System.out.println(ks.getCertificate(ks.aliases().nextElement()));

    // get ssl context and key manager factory
    sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE");
    kFac = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance(KeyManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
    kFac.init(ks,null);

    sslContext.init(kFac.getKeyManagers(), null, null);
    sockFactory = sslContext.getSocketFactory();

    // start connection with website
    HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection)new URL(<my-https-url>).openConnection();
    conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
    conn.setDoInput(true);
    conn.setSSLSocketFactory(sockFactory);

    int responseCode = conn.getResponseCode();
    System.out.println("RESPONSE: " + responseCode);

} catch (KeyStoreException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (CertificateException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchProviderException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (UnrecoverableKeyException e1) {
    e1.printStackTrace();
} catch (KeyManagementException e1) {
    e1.printStackTrace();
}

当我运行这段代码时，我得到：

javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: Received fatal alert: decrypt_error
    at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Unknown Source)
    at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Unknown Source)
    at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.recvAlert(Unknown Source)
    at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.readRecord(Unknown Source)
    at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.performInitialHandshake(Unknown Source)
    at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(Unknown Source)
    at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(Unknown Source)
    at sun.net.www.protocol.https.HttpsClient.afterConnect(Unknown Source)
    at sun.net.www.protocol.https.AbstractDelegateHttpsURLConnection.connect(Unknown Source)
    at sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.getInputStream(Unknown Source)
    at java.net.HttpURLConnection.getResponseCode(Unknown Source)
    at sun.net.www.protocol.https.HttpsURLConnectionImpl.getResponseCode(Unknown Source)
    at receita.system.monitoring.Ping.main(Ping.java:313)

当我输入正确的令牌密码和输入错误的密码时，我会收到此错误，所以我认为我永远不会以正确的方式传递密码。

为什么我会收到异常？

--------- 更新了 ---------

我创建了一个配置文件，其中包含指向我的 PKCS11.dll 库的以下信息：

name = Aladdin
library = C:/WINDOWS/system32/eTPKCS11.dll

并在主函数中添加：

SunPKCS11 newProvider = new SunPKCS11("u:/Certificados/etpkcs11.cfg");
Provider a = newProvider;
Security.addProvider(a);

KeyStore ks;
try {
    ks = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS11");
    ...
}

现在我将其视为错误：

java.security.KeyStoreException: PKCS11 not found
    at java.security.KeyStore.getInstance(Unknown Source)
    at receita.system.monitoring.Ping.main(Ping.java:292)
Caused by: java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException: PKCS11 KeyStore not available
    at sun.security.jca.GetInstance.getInstance(Unknown Source)
    at java.security.Security.getImpl(Unknown Source)
    ... 2 more

我也尝试将 Keystore.getInstance 修改为：

ks = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS11", a);

然后我得到这个不同的错误：

java.security.KeyStoreException: PKCS11 not found
    at java.security.KeyStore.getInstance(Unknown Source)
    at receita.system.monitoring.Ping.main(Ping.java:292)
Caused by: java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException: no such algorithm: PKCS11 for provider SunPKCS11-Aladdin
    at sun.security.jca.GetInstance.getService(Unknown Source)
    at sun.security.jca.GetInstance.getInstance(Unknown Source)
    at java.security.Security.getImpl(Unknown Source)
    ... 2 more

--------- 更新2（工作代码）---------

我的最终工作代码是：

System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStore", "U:\\Certificados\\efau.truestore");
System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStoreType", "jks");
System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword", "oiadad");

KeyManagerFactory kFac;
SSLContext sslContext;
SSLSocketFactory sockFactory = null;

SunPKCS11 providerMSCAPI = new SunPKCS11("u:/Certificados/etpkcs11.cfg");
Provider a = providerMSCAPI;
Security.addProvider(a);

KeyStore ks;
try {
    ks = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS11");

    ks.load(null, password);

    InputStream in = IOUtils.toInputStream(ks.aliases().nextElement(), "UTF-8");
    ks.load(in, password);


    sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE");
    kFac = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance(KeyManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
    kFac.init(ks,null);

    sslContext.init(kFac.getKeyManagers(), null, null);
    sockFactory = sslContext.getSocketFactory();

    HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection)new URL(/*<my-url>*/).openConnection();
    conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
    conn.setDoInput(true);
    conn.setSSLSocketFactory(sockFactory);

    int responseCode = conn.getResponseCode();

    InputStream inputstream = conn.getInputStream();
    InputStreamReader inputstreamreader = new InputStreamReader(inputstream);
    BufferedReader bufferedreader = new BufferedReader(inputstreamreader);

    String line = null;
    String htmlResponse = "";

    while ((line = bufferedreader.readLine()) != null) {
        htmlResponse += line + "\n";
    }

} catch (KeyStoreException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (CertificateException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchProviderException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (UnrecoverableKeyException e1) {
    e1.printStackTrace();
} catch (KeyManagementException e1) {
    e1.printStackTrace();
}

我必须在运行配置中设置调试参数：

-Djava.security.debug=sunpkcs11

或者在.cfg文件中设置槽位：

name=SafeNet
library=C:\Windows\System32\eTPKCS11.dll
slot=4

Answer 1

SunMSCAPI 实现并不完美（例如，如果您拥有具有相同“友好名称”的证书，则有些证书将无法访问，因为它也是用于密钥库别名的唯一密钥）。我不确定它与硬件令牌的效果如何。

由于your token seems to support PKCS#11，您不妨利用Oracle JRE 对PKCS11 keystores 的直接支持。

基本上，您的令牌驱动程序应该附带一个实现 PKCS#11 接口的 DLL，并且您需要将 Java 指向它（如 PKCS#11 指南中所述）。为了获得更大的灵活性，动态安装提供程序可能更方便（请参阅以“要动态安装提供程序，[...]”开头的段落。

---

按照您的 cmets，也许您可​​以通过反复试验（通过捕获这些异常）来找到正确的插槽。您可以从字符串加载配置，而不是使用配置文件。

String password = "xxxxxxxxx";
String storeType = "PKCS11";

String configuration = "name = OpenSC\n"
        + "library = /usr/lib/opensc-pkcs11.so\n";
Provider provider = new sun.security.pkcs11.SunPKCS11(
        new ByteArrayInputStream(configuration.getBytes("UTF-8")));

Security.addProvider(provider);

KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(storeType, provider);
keyStore.load(null, password.toCharArray());

如果您将"slot=...\n" 添加到配置字符串并使用循环尝试各种值，直到它停止抛出异常，它可能会起作用。您可能需要删除失败的安全提供程序，或者也更改名称。 （我并不是说这是一种干净的方法。）

顺便说一句，如果你不想硬编码你的密码（当然！）或者从一些配置文件中加载它，你可以使用这样的回调处理程序：

KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(storeType, provider);
LoadStoreParameter param = new LoadStoreParameter() {
    @Override
    public ProtectionParameter getProtectionParameter() {
        return new KeyStore.CallbackHandlerProtection(... put your callback handler here...);
    }
};
keyStore.load(param);

您的回调处理程序可能是“new com.sun.security.auth.callback.DialogCallbackHandler()”。我通常不建议使用任何 com.sun.* 或 sun.* 包，因为它们不是公共 Java API 的一部分，但您在这里使用的是 sun.security.pkcs11.SunPKCS11，因此您的代码将与这个系列相关联无论如何都是 JRE。

Answer 2

尝试以下代码使用 java 从 USB 令牌获取密钥库

class Test {
    public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException, GeneralSecurityException, DocumentException, CertificateVerificationException{
        
        // Create instance of SunPKCS11 provider
        String pkcs11Config = "name=eToken\nlibrary=C:\\Windows\\System32\\eps2003csp11.dll";
        java.io.ByteArrayInputStream pkcs11ConfigStream = new java.io.ByteArrayInputStream(pkcs11Config.getBytes());
        sun.security.pkcs11.SunPKCS11 providerPKCS11 = new sun.security.pkcs11.SunPKCS11(pkcs11ConfigStream);
        java.security.Security.addProvider(providerPKCS11);

        // Get provider KeyStore and login with PIN
        String pin = "12345678";
        java.security.KeyStore keyStore = java.security.KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS11", providerPKCS11);
        keyStore.load(null, pin.toCharArray());

        // Enumerate items (certificates and private keys) in th KeyStore
        java.util.Enumeration<String> aliases = keyStore.aliases();
        String alias = null;
        while (aliases.hasMoreElements()) {
            alias = aliases.nextElement();
            System.out.println(alias);
        }
    }
}