Apache 错误：“失败 - 无法启动上下文路径 /tibclient 处的应用程序”答案

【问题标题】：Apache error: "FAIL - Application at context path /tibclient could not be started"Apache 错误：“失败 - 无法启动上下文路径 /tibclient 处的应用程序”
【发布时间】：2012-03-19 00:54:39
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试通过 Apache Tomcat 6.0 部署我的 maven 项目。我可以使用 mvn tomcat:deploy 从命令提示符成功部署它。当我尝试访问我的应用程序时，它会在网页上显示 404 错误。

在我的 tomcat 管理器中，我可以看到有一个选项启动应用程序，当点击“开始”时它给我“失败 - 上下文路径/tibclient 的应用程序无法启动”消息。

我正在使用 Eclipse，但我不清楚如何通过 apache tomcat 部署 maven 项目。任何帮助表示赞赏。谢谢

我的web.xml如下：

<web-app version="2.5"
         xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
    <display-name>Tibapp Client</display-name>

<context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

     <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>
            org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
        </servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/tibclient</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>





    <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>

</web-app>

还有我的 POM.xml：

http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">

<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.tibapp</groupId>
<artifactId>TibClient</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

<name>Tib - Client -dhruv</name>

<properties>
    <!-- Spring version -->
    <version.spring>3.0.6.RELEASE</version.spring>

    <!-- Spring Third Party dependencies -->
    <version.aopalliance>1.0</version.aopalliance>

    <!-- Third Party dependencies -->
    <version.standard.taglibs>1.1.2</version.standard.taglibs>
    <version.commons.logging>1.1.1</version.commons.logging>



</properties>

<dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>


        <!-- Spring dependencies -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-asm</artifactId>
            <version>${version.spring}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>${version.spring}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
            <version>${version.spring}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>${version.spring}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${version.spring}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${version.spring}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>${version.spring}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${version.spring}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>${version.spring}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${version.spring}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>${version.spring}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${version.spring}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Third Party dependencies -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>aopalliance</groupId>
            <artifactId>aopalliance</artifactId>
            <version>${version.aopalliance}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
            <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
            <version>${version.standard.taglibs}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
            <version>${version.commons.logging}</version>
        </dependency>


    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

<dependencies>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.xml.bind</groupId>
        <artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.sun.xml.bind</groupId>
        <artifactId>jaxb-impl</artifactId>
        <version>2.2</version>
    </dependency>


    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.1</version>
    </dependency>


    <dependency>
        <groupId>log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.14</version>
        <type>jar</type>
        <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.sun.jersey</groupId>
        <artifactId>jersey-client</artifactId>
        <version>1.8</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Import Spring dependencies, these are either from community or versions 
        certified in WFK2 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-asm</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Other community dependencies -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>aopalliance</groupId>
        <artifactId>aopalliance</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
        <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
    </dependency>

</dependencies>


<build>
    <finalName>Tib Client</finalName>
    <plugins>

        <!-- Force Java 6 -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.1</version>
            <configuration>
                <source>1.6</source>
                <target>1.6</target>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>

        <!-- Deployment on apache tomcat -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
                <server>myserver</server>
                <path>/tibclient</path>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

【问题讨论】：

TomCat 日志文件有异常吗？通常，如果 Web 应用程序无法部署，那是因为出现了问题。这通常伴随着堆栈跟踪。
我不这么认为，因为我没有碰过任何tomcat文件。
@JohnHaager：在 Eclipse 中创建 maven 项目时，我选择 Nexus Indexer 下的 maven 项目，组 ID 为 org.jboss.spring.archetype，工件 id spring-mvc-webapp 和版本 1.0.0.CR3 .这有什么区别吗？我想要 spring mvc 架构，这最符合我的需要。
这可能是个问题，但如果不参考 TomCat 中的 catalina.out 文件，就无法知道部署出了什么问题。
@JohnHaager：我在 tomcat 日志文件中看到它不接受 servlet 依赖项。我尝试了不同版本的依赖但同样的问题 javax.servletjavax.servlet-api3.0.1 信息： validateJarFile(C:\apache\apache tomcat\webapps\tibclient\WEB-INF\lib\javax.servlet-api-3.0.1.jar) - jar 未加载。请参阅 Servlet 规范 2.3，第 9.7.2 节。违规类：javax/servlet/Servlet.class

标签： java apache jakarta-ee maven-2 tomcat6

【解决方案1】：

javax.servlet-api API 的依赖项应该是provided 的范围。 Servlet API 已经包含在 TomCat 中。将它包含在您的 Web 应用程序中会导致类加载错误，因为由于 ClassLoader 的限制，您的 WAR 中的版本和 TomCat 中的版本“不一样”。

<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>3.0.1</version>
    <!-- The Servlet API is provided by Tomcat -->
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

【讨论】：