如何遍历具有以下结构的嵌套python字典？

Question

我有以下结构的嵌套字典。像键 values 一样，可能有多个键，例如 values1、values2。我正在寻找 random1 和 random2 字符串。如果存在，则必须检查val是否存在。

d = {"values": [
        {
          "name": "A1234",
          "description": "A1234-Description ",
          "random1": {
            "abcd": {
              "val": 1
            }
          },
          "random2": {
            "abcd": {
              "val": -1
            }
          }
        },
        {
        "name": "A4567",
          "description": "A4567-Description ",
          "random1": {
            "abcd": {
              "val": 1
            }
          },
          "random2": {
            "abcd": {
              "val": -1
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "B1234",
          "description": "B1234-Description ",
        }
    ]}

代码：

for i in d["values"]:
    for k, v in i.items():
        if k in ("random1", "random2") and "abcd" in v1:
           if len(v1["abcd"]) != 0:
              if "val" in v1["abcd"]:
                  print("Found")
              else:
                  print("Not found")
           else:
               print("empty")

我相信循环到字典没有捷径。但绝对应该有一些技术/优化来做到这一点（减少多个 for/if 循环）

任何人都可以请指导我，如果它可以通过使用集合等来完成

Answer 1

你需要一个递归算法来遍历字典的树状结构

def recursive_iter(obj, keys=()):
    if isinstance(obj, dict):
        for k, v in obj.items():
            yield from recursive_iter(v, keys + (k,))
    elif any(isinstance(obj, t) for t in (list, tuple)):
        for idx, item in enumerate(obj):
            yield from recursive_iter(item, keys + (idx,))
    else:
        yield keys, obj

在这里你可以打印结果

for keys, item in recursive_iter(d):
    print(keys, ' -> ', item)

哪些显示：

('values', 0, 'name')  ->  A1234
('values', 0, 'description')  ->  A1234-Description 
('values', 0, 'random1', 'abcd', 'val')  ->  1
('values', 0, 'random2', 'abcd', 'val')  ->  -1
('values', 1, 'name')  ->  A4567
('values', 1, 'description')  ->  A4567-Description 
('values', 1, 'random1', 'abcd', 'val')  ->  1
('values', 1, 'random2', 'abcd', 'val')  ->  -1
('values', 2, 'name')  ->  B1234
('values', 2, 'description')  ->  B1234-Description

编辑：

for keys, item in recursive_iter(d):
    if "val" in keys and "abcd" in keys:
        print("FOUND\n", keys, ' -> ', item)
    elif "val" not in keys and "abcd" in keys:
        print("NOT FOUND\n", keys, ' -> ', item)