【发布时间】：2019-01-04 22:20:27
【问题描述】：
我正在尝试使用 systemctl 配置 Tomcat 8.5.37，以在 Ubuntu 16.04 上将服务器作为守护程序启动。
为此，我在 /etc/systemd/system/tomcat8.service 中创建了以下服务文件：
[Unit]
Description=Tomcat Server
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
Environment=JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.8
Environment=CATALINA_PID=/opt/tomcat8/temp/tomcat.pid
Environment=CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat8
Environment=CATALINA_BASE=/opt/tomcat8
Environment='CATALINA_OPTS=-Xms512M -Xmx1024M -server -Dlog4j.configurationFile=/opt/conf/log4j2.xml'
Environment='JAVA_OPTS=-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true -Djava.awt.headless=true -Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom'
ExecStart=/opt/tomcat8/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/opt/tomcat8/bin/shutdown.sh
User=tomcat
Group=tomcat
UMask=0007
#RestartSec=40
#Restart=always
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Tomcat 服务器是直接从 apache 下载的，只是解压出来的。 JDK是最新的Oracle JDK 1.8。
当我直接通过 startup.sh 启动 tomcat 时，一切都很好。 但是当我使用 systemctl（daemon-reload 之前完成）它直接崩溃。
systemctl status tomcat8的输出：
● tomcat8.service - Tomcat Server
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/tomcat8.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead) since Fri 2019-01-04 23:14:08 CET; 2s ago
Process: 9793 ExecStop=/opt/tomcat8/bin/shutdown.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 9781 ExecStart=/opt/tomcat8/bin/startup.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 9791 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
journalctl -xe 的输出：
Jan 04 23:14:04 myserver.com systemd[1]: Starting Tomcat Server...
-- Subject: Unit tomcat8.service has begun start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
--
-- Unit tomcat8.service has begun starting up.
Jan 04 23:14:04 myserver.com startup.sh[9781]: Tomcat started.
Jan 04 23:14:04 myserver.com systemd[1]: Started Tomcat Server.
-- Subject: Unit tomcat8.service has finished start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
--
-- Unit tomcat8.service has finished starting up.
--
-- The start-up result is done.
Jan 04 23:14:07 myserver.com shutdown.sh[9793]: Jan 04, 2019 11:14:06 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina stopServer
Jan 04 23:14:07 myserver.com shutdown.sh[9793]: SEVERE: Could not contact [localhost:[8005]]. Tomcat may not be running.
Jan 04 23:14:07 myserver.com shutdown.sh[9793]: Jan 04, 2019 11:14:07 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina stopServer
Jan 04 23:14:07 myserver.com shutdown.sh[9793]: SEVERE: Catalina.stop:
Jan 04 23:14:07 myserver.com shutdown.sh[9793]: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused (Connection refused)
Jan 04 23:14:07 myserver.com shutdown.sh[9793]: at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method)
Jan 04 23:14:07 myserver.com shutdown.sh[9793]: at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.doConnect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:350)
Jan 04 23:14:07 myserver.com shutdown.sh[9793]: at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:206)
Jan 04 23:14:07 myserver.com shutdown.sh[9793]: at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:188)
Jan 04 23:14:07 myserver.com shutdown.sh[9793]: at java.net.SocksSocketImpl.connect(SocksSocketImpl.java:392)
Jan 04 23:14:07 myserver.com shutdown.sh[9793]: at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:589)
Jan 04 23:14:07 myserver.com shutdown.sh[9793]: at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:538)
Jan 04 23:14:07 myserver.com shutdown.sh[9793]: at java.net.Socket.<init>(Socket.java:434)
Jan 04 23:14:07 myserver.com shutdown.sh[9793]: at java.net.Socket.<init>(Socket.java:211)
Jan 04 23:14:07 myserver.com shutdown.sh[9793]: at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.stopServer(Catalina.java:503)
Jan 04 23:14:07 myserver.com shutdown.sh[9793]: at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
Jan 04 23:14:07 myserver.com shutdown.sh[9793]: at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
Jan 04 23:14:07 myserver.com shutdown.sh[9793]: at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
Jan 04 23:14:07 myserver.com shutdown.sh[9793]: at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
Jan 04 23:14:07 myserver.com shutdown.sh[9793]: at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.stopServer(Bootstrap.java:406)
Jan 04 23:14:07 myserver.com shutdown.sh[9793]: at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:498)
Jan 04 23:14:07 myserver.com shutdown.sh[9793]: The stop command failed. Attempting to signal the process to stop through OS signal.
异常不是问题，因为它试图关闭不再存在的服务。
我可以看到，将创建日志文件，这让我明白了，启动过程已经开始。 但是我对状态输出的过程感到困惑。有一个启动过程和一个停止过程。
看起来startup.sh开始运行了，但是exit-code错误或无法识别，systemd在startup.sh执行后直接运行ExecStop命令。
另一台服务器在该配置下运行良好，但到现在我还没有机会让它运行。
有没有人知道这种情况下的问题是什么？
谢谢！
【问题讨论】：
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您找到解决方案了吗？我正面临着同样的问题......
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没有。它仍然无法正常工作。目前，我正在通过 sudo -u tomcat /opt/tomcat8/bin/startup.sh 运行 tomcat 以将其作为 tomcat 用户启动，并且我有一个 cronjob 来检查站点（如果它正在运行）。如果没有，它执行这个脚本。但这只是一种解决方法。我仍然需要一个解决方案；（。
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这是由于 catalina.sh 脚本中的错误造成的。见bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63063 和bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=63041