解析 JSON 文件中的数据并将其转换为 SQL 表

Question

我正在构建一个测试软件作为一个副项目。我收到了 JSON 格式的测试题。我打算解析 JSON 并将其存储到具有以下架构的 SQL 表中：-

TABLE NAME - QUESTIONS
QUESTION_NO - INT (PRIMARY KEY) - AUTO_INCREMENT,
QUESTION_DESC - VARCHAR(255),
OPTA - VARCHAR(255),
OPTB - VARCHAR(255),
OPTC - VARCHAR(255),
OPTD - VARCHAR(255),
CORRECTOPT - VARCHAR(1) [Should be 'A','B','C','D']

JSON 格式如下：-

[
    {
        "1": "Total number of ATP produced during Kreb's cycle",
        "2": "what is referred to as reference carbohydrate?"
    },
    {
        "1": {
            "a": "8",
            "b": "11",
            "c": "12",
            "d": "36"
        },
        "2": {
            "a": "glucose",
            "b": "glyceraldehde",
            "c": "fructose",
            "d": "lactose"
        }
    },
    {
        "1": "12",
        "2": "glyceraldehyde"
    }
]

我最初尝试编写一个 Python 代码来解析 JSON，如下所示：-

import json

with open('BIOset1.json') as f:
    data = json.load(f)

print(data)

这里 BIOset1.json 是我要解析的 JSON 文件的名称。 但是，我收到以下错误：-

raise JSONDecodeError("Expecting value", s, err.value) from None
json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)

谁能帮我解析这个 JSON 文件并检索以下格式的数据，以便我可以将数据插入到 SQL 表中？

我来自非编程背景，我正试图通过这些问题为我的大学带来真正的改变。

任何帮助将不胜感激。

[{
        "QUESTION_DESC": "Total number of ATP produced during Kreb's cycle",
        "OPTA": "8",
        "OPTB": "11",
        "OPTC": "12",
        "OPTD": "36",
        "CORRECTOPT": "C"
    },
    {
        "QUESTION_DESC": "what is referred to as reference carbohydrate?",
        "OPTA": "glucose",
        "OPTB": "fructose",
        "OPTC": "lactose",
        "OPTD": "aldehyde",
        "CORRECTOPT": "B"
    }
]

Answer 1

#Create a function that accepts json and outputs the required format 
#code tested on python3
    def format_json(data):
        #solution list
        final_list = []
        ###questions formatting
        ques_desc_1 = data[0].get("1")
        ques_desc_2 = data[0].get("2")
        ###answer
        answ_1 = data[1].get("1")
        answ_2 = data[1].get("2")
        ###correct answers
        corr_1 = data[2].get("1")
        corr_2 = data[2].get("2")
        ####
        #dictionary = for question 1
        dict1 = {"QUESTION_DESC": ques_desc_1,
                 }
        # "CORRECTOPT": data[2].get("1")
        #loop through options available for answer
        option_dict =[]
        for item in answ_1.items():
            #append
            option_dict.append(item)
        dict1.update({
            "OPTA": option_dict[0][1],
            "OPTB": option_dict[1][1],
            "OPTC": option_dict[2][1],
            "OPTD": option_dict[3][1],
        })

        ##
        dict1.update({"CORRECTOPT": dict1.get("OPTC")})

        # dictionary = for question 2
        dict2 = {"QUESTION_DESC": ques_desc_2,
                 }
        # "CORRECTOPT": data[2].get("1")
        # loop through options available for answer
        option_dict2 = []
        for item in answ_2.items():
            # append
            option_dict2.append(item)
        #update
        dict2.update({
            "OPTA": option_dict2[0][1],
            "OPTB": option_dict2[1][1],
            "OPTC": option_dict2[2][1],
            "OPTD": option_dict2[3][1],
        })
        ##
        dict2.update({"CORRECTOPT": dict2.get("OPTC")})
        #########
        final_list.append(dict1)
        final_list.append(dict2)
        ###
        print(final_list)

    if __name__ == '__main__':
        #sample list
        list_dict = [
        {
            "1": "Total number of ATP produced during Kreb's cycle",
            "2": "what is referred to as reference carbohydrate?"
        },
        {
            "1": {
                "a": "8",
                "b": "11",
                "c": "12",
                "d": "36"
            },
            "2": {
                "a": "glucose",
                "b": "glyceraldehde",
                "c": "fructose",
                "d": "lactose"
            }
        },
        {
            "1": "12",
            "2": "glyceraldehyde"
        }]
        #function to format data
        format_json(list_dict)

Answer 2

首先，除了拼写错误 ("b": "glyceraldehde") 之外，我在您的 JSON 中没有发现任何错误。所以肯定还有别的问题。以下几乎可以完成这项工作：

import json

data = """[
    {
        "1": "Total number of ATP produced during Kreb's cycle",
        "2": "what is referred to as reference carbohydrate?"
    },
    {
        "1": {
            "a": "8",
            "b": "11",
            "c": "12",
            "d": "36"
        },
        "2": {
            "a": "glucose",
            "b": "glyceraldehyde",
            "c": "fructose",
            "d": "lactose"
        }
    },
    {
        "1": "12",
        "2": "glyceraldehyde"
    }
]"""

data = json.loads(data)

results = [{"QUESTION_DESC": data[0][k],
            "OPTA": data[1][k]["a"],
            "OPTB": data[1][k]["b"],
            "OPTC": data[1][k]["c"],
            "OPTD": data[1][k]["d"],
            "CORRECTOPT": data[2][k]} for k in data[0].keys()]

for result in results:
    print(result)

打印：

{'QUESTION_DESC': "Total number of ATP produced during Kreb's cycle", 'OPTA': '8', 'OPTB': '11', 'OPTC': '12', 'OPTD': '36', 'CORRECTOPT': '12'}
{'QUESTION_DESC': 'what is referred to as reference carbohydrate?', 'OPTA': 'glucose', 'OPTB': 'glyceraldehyde', 'OPTC': 'fructose', 'OPTD': 'lactose', 'CORRECTOPT': 'glyceraldehyde'}

问题在于CORRECTOP 的值需要更改为包含该值的实际选项字母。所以我们需要后期调整：

for result in results:
    correctopt = result["CORRECTOPT"]
    for opt in ["A", "B", "C", "D"]:
        if correctopt == result["OPT" + opt]:
            result["CORRECTOPT"] = opt
            break

for result in results:
    print(result)

打印：

{'QUESTION_DESC': "Total number of ATP produced during Kreb's cycle", 'OPTA': '8', 'OPTB': '11', 'OPTC': '12', 'OPTD': '36', 'CORRECTOPT': 'C'}
{'QUESTION_DESC': 'what is referred to as reference carbohydrate?', 'OPTA': 'glucose', 'OPTB': 'glyceraldehyde', 'OPTC': 'fructose', 'OPTD': 'lactose', 'CORRECTOPT': 'B'}

您可以使用以下命令将其转换回 JSON：json.dumps(result)