移动构造函数未被调用

Question

我正在实现一个用于学习 C++ 的 IntArray 类。我必须承认我还没有完全理解 r 和 lvalues 以及 move 构造函数。我想试试看我的代码是否正常工作，但我不知道为什么 {IntArray array = IntArray(5);} 没有调用我实现的移动构造函数。我认为这是一个案例。

#include "IntArray.h"
IntArray::IntArray()
    :data(nullptr), count(0), capacity(0) {std::cout << "Default Constructor called" << std::endl;}

IntArray::IntArray(int size)
    :data(new int[size]), count(size), capacity(size)  {std::cout << "Constructor called with size: " << size << std::endl;}

IntArray::~IntArray() {
    std::cout << "Destructor called" << std::endl;
    delete[] data; //rest is stack allocated and gets freed with end of scope
}

//COPY CONSTRUCT & ASSIGN OP
IntArray::IntArray(const IntArray& rhs) 
    :data(new int[rhs.count]), count(rhs.count), capacity(rhs.count) //warum nicht mit capacity? wir wollen doch eine exakte kopie?
{
    std::cout << "Copy Constructor called" << std::endl;
    std::copy(rhs.data, rhs.data + rhs.count, data); //pointer arithmetik?
}
IntArray& IntArray::operator=(const IntArray& rhs) {
    if (&rhs == this) //check for selfassign
        return *this;

    //if capacity of lhs is NOT big enough, reallocate new
    if (capacity < rhs.capacity) { 
        delete[] data;
        data = new int[rhs.count];
        capacity = rhs.count;
    }   
    count = rhs.count;
    std::copy(rhs.data, rhs.data + rhs.count, data);
    return *this;
}

//MOVE CONSTRUCT & ASSIGN OP
IntArray::IntArray(IntArray&& rhs)
    :data(rhs.data), count(rhs.count), capacity(rhs.capacity)
{
    std::cout << "Move Constructor called" << std::endl;

    rhs.data = nullptr;
    rhs.count = 0;
    rhs.capacity = 0;
}
IntArray& IntArray::operator=(IntArray&& rhs) {
    if (&rhs == this) //self assignment?
        return *this;
    std::cout << "Move assignment operator called" << std::endl;

    //steal
    delete[] data;
    data = rhs.data;
    count = rhs.count;
    capacity = rhs.capacity;

    //Reset old obj to prevent double freeing
    rhs.data = nullptr;
    rhs.count = 0;
    rhs.capacity = 0;

    return *this;
}

Answer 1

您看不到移动构造或移动分配只是优化的结果！请看一下“复制省略”https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/copy_elision

如果你使用 gcc，你可以告诉编译器不要优化它：

g++ -O0 main.cpp -fno-elide-constructors

现在结果是：

Constructor called with size: 5
Move Constructor called
Destructor called
Destructor called