安装我自己的包会生成“ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '<my package>' 当通过 pypi 安装时

Question

上下文

我正在创建我的第一个包，名为 countries_utils，可在 https://pypi.org/project/countries-utils 上使用。

我已阅读以下教程：

1. 打包 Python 项目 https://packaging.python.org/tutorials/packaging-projects/
2. 管理应用程序依赖关系https://packaging.python.org/tutorials/managing-dependencies/#managing-dependencies
3. 打包分发项目https://packaging.python.org/guides/distributing-packages-using-setuptools/#distributing-packages

库代码countries_utils

该库的源代码可在 bitbucket 上获得：

• https://bitbucket.org/altf1be/countries-utils/src/master/

问题

1. 我运行命令pip install countries-utils
2. 我下载了最新版本的库
3. 我运行python 命令
4. 我使用import countries_utils 导入库
5. 我收到错误：ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'countries_utils'

问题：我错过了什么？

pip list 命令的结果

pip list

Package                                       Version    
--------------------------------------------- -----------
...
contextlib2                                   0.5.5
countries-utils                               1.0.13
country-list                                  0.1.4
cryptography                                  2.7
...

错误

这是在 python 控制台中执行import countries_utils 的结果：

> python

Python 3.7.4 (default, Aug  9 2019, 18:34:13) [MSC v.1915 64 bit (AMD64)] :: Anaconda, Inc. on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import countries_utils
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'countries_utils'

setup.py 文件（工作版本）

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Copyright (c) ALT-F1 SPRL, Abdelkrim Boujraf. All rights reserved.
# Licensed under the EUPL License, Version 1.2.
# See LICENSE in the project root for license information.

from os import path
import json
import setuptools

with open('README.md', 'r') as fh:
    long_description = fh.read()


here = path.abspath(path.dirname(__file__))
root = path.dirname(here)
package_json = path.join(here, 'package.json')
# a workaround when installing locally from git repository with pip install -e .

if not path.isfile(package_json):
    package_json = path.join(root, 'package.json')

# version number and all other params from package.json
with open(package_json, encoding='utf-8') as f:
    package = json.load(f)

setuptools.setup(
    name=package['name'],
    version=package['version'],
    author=package['author']['name'],
    author_email=package['author']['email'],
    description=package['description'],
    license=package['license'],
    long_description=long_description,
    long_description_content_type='text/markdown',
    url=package['repository']['url'],
    install_requires=[
        'pycountry',
        'pandas',
        'country-list'
    ],
    packages=[package['name']],
    keywords=package['keywords'],

    # Find the list of classifiers : https://pypi.org/classifiers/
    classifiers=[
        'Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable',
        'Intended Audience :: Developers',
        'License :: OSI Approved :: European Union Public Licence 1.2 (EUPL 1.2)',
        'Operating System :: OS Independent',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7',
        'Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules',
    ],

    python_requires='>=3.5',

    project_urls={  # Optional
        'Bug Reports': 'https://bitbucket.org/altf1be/countries-utils/issues?status=new&status=open',
        'Company behind the library': 'http://www.alt-f1.be',
        'Source': 'https://bitbucket.org/altf1be/countries-utils',
    },

)

Answer 1

我认为是这样的：

packages=setuptools.find_packages(),
...
package_dir={'': 'countries_utils'},  # Optional

来自 Python 的 Distutils Examples（重点是我的）：

如果你想把模块放在没有为其包命名的目录中， 那么您需要再次使用package_dir 选项。例如，如果 src 目录包含 foobar 包中的模块：

<root>/
        setup.py
        src/
                 __init__.py
                 foo.py
                 bar.py

适当的设置脚本是

from distutils.core import setup
setup(name='foobar',
      version='1.0',
      package_dir={'foobar': 'src'},
      packages=['foobar'],
      )

在您的情况下，包名称是countries_utils，并且您已经有一个适当命名的包目录countries_utils。所以不需要package_dir 选项。它仅在要安装的软件包位于不同名称的文件夹中时使用。