Virtualenv 外壳错误答案

【问题标题】：Virtualenv shell errorsVirtualenv 外壳错误
【发布时间】：2012-09-27 16:52:34
【问题描述】：

我刚刚在我的 Mac 上安装了 virtualenv（使用 Python 2.7.2），并按照此处的指南进行操作：http://virtualenvwrapper.readthedocs.org/en/latest/install.html

但现在每次启动 shell 时都会出现以下错误：

stevedore.extension Could not load 'user_scripts': distribute
stevedore.extension distribute
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/stevedore/extension.py", line 62, in __init__
    invoke_kwds,
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/stevedore/extension.py", line 74, in _load_one_plugin
    plugin = ep.load()
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg/pkg_resources.py", line 1953, in load
    if require: self.require(env, installer)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg/pkg_resources.py", line 1966, in require
    working_set.resolve(self.dist.requires(self.extras),env,installer))
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg/pkg_resources.py", line 565, in resolve
    raise DistributionNotFound(req)  # XXX put more info here
DistributionNotFound: distribute
stevedore.extension Could not load 'project': distribute
stevedore.extension distribute
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/stevedore/extension.py", line 62, in __init__
    invoke_kwds,
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/stevedore/extension.py", line 74, in _load_one_plugin
    plugin = ep.load()
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg/pkg_resources.py", line 1953, in load
    if require: self.require(env, installer)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg/pkg_resources.py", line 1966, in require
    working_set.resolve(self.dist.requires(self.extras),env,installer))
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg/pkg_resources.py", line 565, in resolve
    raise DistributionNotFound(req)  # XXX put more info here
DistributionNotFound: distribute
stevedore.extension Could not load 'user_scripts': distribute
stevedore.extension distribute
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/stevedore/extension.py", line 62, in __init__
    invoke_kwds,
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/stevedore/extension.py", line 74, in _load_one_plugin
    plugin = ep.load()
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg/pkg_resources.py", line 1953, in load
    if require: self.require(env, installer)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg/pkg_resources.py", line 1966, in require
    working_set.resolve(self.dist.requires(self.extras),env,installer))
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg/pkg_resources.py", line 565, in resolve
    raise DistributionNotFound(req)  # XXX put more info here
DistributionNotFound: distribute

不知道是不是影响这个问题，但是我用的是ZSH。

我尝试通过 pip (sudo pip install stevedore) 安装 stevedore，但出现以下错误：

sudo sh setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg
Processing setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg
removing '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg' (and everything under it)
Copying setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg to /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages
setuptools 0.6c11 is already the active version in easy-install.pth
Installing easy_install script to /usr/local/bin
Installing easy_install-2.7 script to /usr/local/bin

Installed /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies for setuptools==0.6c11
Finished processing dependencies for setuptools==0.6c11
TXSLs-MacBook-Pro% sudo pip install stevedore --upgrade
Requirement already up-to-date: stevedore in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages
Downloading/unpacking distribute (from stevedore)
  Running setup.py egg_info for package distribute

Installing collected packages: distribute
  Running setup.py install for distribute
    Before install bootstrap.
    Scanning installed packages
    Setuptools installation detected at /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg
    Egg installation
    Patching...
    Renaming /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg into /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg.OLD.1348764450.4
    Patched done.
    Relaunching...
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
    NameError: name 'install' is not defined
    Complete output from command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/tmp/pip-build/distribute/setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-FAPgYH-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed:
    Before install bootstrap.

Scanning installed packages

Setuptools installation detected at /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg

Egg installation

Patching...

Renaming /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg into /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg.OLD.1348764450.4

Patched done.

Relaunching...

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>

NameError: name 'install' is not defined

----------------------------------------
Command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/tmp/pip-build/distribute/setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-FAPgYH-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build/distribute
Storing complete log in /Users/txsl/Library/Logs/pip.log

我手动安装了 setuptools，因为没有它我无法通过 pip 安装任何东西。

这里出了什么问题，我该如何解决？互联网上似乎没有很多装卸工错误的案例。我现在感觉有点卡住了！

非常感谢！

【问题讨论】：

标签： python virtualenv pip

【解决方案1】：

我也使用 zsh 并且遇到了类似的问题。我解决了这个问题：

sudo pip install virtualenv virtualenvwrapper

我的 Ubuntu 12.04 中安装了包 python-pip。

【讨论】：

是的，成功了！就我而言，我使用自制软件将 python 2.7.3 升级到 python 2.7.5。之前在 python 2.7.3 中创建的虚拟环境也会有同样的问题。关键是停用该虚拟环境，然后为系统范围的 python 升级 virtualenv + virtualenvwrapper，这正是 Marcos 上面建议的。奇迹般有效！我用过： sudo pip install --upgrade virtualenv virtualenvwrapper
pip install --upgrade virtualenv virtualenvwrapper（注意 --upgrade）在升级到 Mavericks 然后通过 Homebrew 升级 Python 后为我工作。
升级到 Ubuntu 14.04 后这对我有用

【解决方案2】：

根据您遇到的错误，您似乎遇到了以下错误：install glitch when using pip + virtualenv。

问题是在使用 -distribute 开关时产生的。修复方法是（无需使用 --distribute 重新运行 virtualenv）：

source bin/activate
wget http://python-distribute.org/distribute_setup.py
python distribute_setup.py

【讨论】：

我卡在第一行！：source bin/activate source: no such file or directory: bin/activate
要执行该行，您需要确保已将目录更改为创建 virtualenv 的位置。因此，如果您在用户配置文件中创建了一个名为 vetest 的虚拟环境，则需要在执行该命令之前键入以下内容： cd ~/vetest 然后您将键入... source bin/activate
等等，我需要为我创建的每个 virtualenv 执行此操作吗？我实际上还没有设置任何东西。
答案有两个。您可以在没有 --distribute 选项的情况下卸载并重新安装。或者你必须每次都这样做。
酷。抱歉没用，但你介意带我卸载它吗？我对此不是很有信心！我宁愿重新安装也不愿每次都这样做！

【解决方案3】：

有同样的错误信息，升级 setuptools 为我解决了这个问题。

pip install --upgrade setuptools

我在这个帖子里找到了信息：http://blog.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.virtualenv/month=20131001

【讨论】：

为我工作。我做了 sudo pip install --upgrade setuptools，然后 sudo uninstall virtualenv 和 sudo uninstall virtualenvwrapper，然后用 sudo pip install virtualenv virtualenvwrapper 重新安装它们。在那之后就像一个魅力。

【解决方案4】：

升级到 OSX Mavericks 后我遇到了同样的问题。我通过全局安装分发来修复它。

sudo pip install distribute

我首先停用了我当前的 virtualenv。

【讨论】：

这也为我在小牛队修复了它。