【发布时间】：2020-11-11 08:19:17
【问题描述】：
我正在尝试在 Linux Ubuntu 16.04 上的 Python 3.6 虚拟环境中安装 CVXPY 包。
我首先创建了一个虚拟环境：
python3.6 -m venv tutorial-env
然后我按照here 的说明手动安装了以下依赖项：
pip install numpy
pip install scipy
然后我尝试下载 CVXPY：
pip install cvxpy
但我收到以下错误：
Collecting cvxpy
Using cached cvxpy-1.1.7.tar.gz (1.0 MB)
Installing build dependencies ... done
Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
Preparing wheel metadata ... done
Requirement already satisfied: osqp>=0.4.1 in ./tutorial-env/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from cvxpy) (0.6.1)
Requirement already satisfied: scipy>=1.1.0 in ./tutorial-env/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from cvxpy) (1.5.4)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.15 in ./tutorial-env/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from cvxpy) (1.19.4)
Requirement already satisfied: ecos>=2 in ./tutorial-env/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from cvxpy) (2.0.7.post1)
Collecting scs>=1.1.6
Using cached scs-2.1.2.tar.gz (3.5 MB)
Requirement already satisfied: future in ./tutorial-env/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from osqp>=0.4.1->cvxpy) (0.18.2)
Using legacy 'setup.py install' for scs, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Building wheels for collected packages: cvxpy
Building wheel for cvxpy (PEP 517) ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /home/[username]/tutorial-env/bin/python3.6 /home/[username]/tutorial-env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/_in_process.py build_wheel /tmp/tmpehj5rzra
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-bu874zhr/cvxpy
Complete output (426 lines):
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/cvxpy
copying cvxpy/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/cvxpy
copying cvxpy/error.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/cvxpy
copying cvxpy/settings.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/cvxpy
[....cut for length...]
running build_ext
building '_cvxcore' extension
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/cvxpy
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/cvxpy/cvxcore
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/cvxpy/cvxcore/src
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/cvxpy/cvxcore/python
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -Icvxpy/cvxcore/src/ -Icvxpy/cvxcore/python/ -Icvxpy/cvxcore/include/ -I/home/[username]/tutorial-env/include -I/usr/include/python3.6m -I/tmp/pip-build-env-7cso5slq/overlay/lib/python3.6/site-packages/numpy/core/include -c cvxpy/cvxcore/src/cvxcore.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/cvxpy/cvxcore/src/cvxcore.o -O3
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -Icvxpy/cvxcore/src/ -Icvxpy/cvxcore/python/ -Icvxpy/cvxcore/include/ -I/home/[username]/tutorial-env/include -I/usr/include/python3.6m -I/tmp/pip-build-env-7cso5slq/overlay/lib/python3.6/site-packages/numpy/core/include -c cvxpy/cvxcore/src/LinOpOperations.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/cvxpy/cvxcore/src/LinOpOperations.o -O3
cvxpy/cvxcore/src/LinOpOperations.cpp: In function ‘Tensor get_rmul_mat(const LinOp&, int)’:
cvxpy/cvxcore/src/LinOpOperations.cpp:717:7: warning: variable ‘arg_cols’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
int arg_cols;
^
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -Icvxpy/cvxcore/src/ -Icvxpy/cvxcore/python/ -Icvxpy/cvxcore/include/ -I/home/[username]/tutorial-env/include -I/usr/include/python3.6m -I/tmp/pip-build-env-7cso5slq/overlay/lib/python3.6/site-packages/numpy/core/include -c cvxpy/cvxcore/src/Utils.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/cvxpy/cvxcore/src/Utils.o -O3
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -Icvxpy/cvxcore/src/ -Icvxpy/cvxcore/python/ -Icvxpy/cvxcore/include/ -I/home/[username]/tutorial-env/include -I/usr/include/python3.6m -I/tmp/pip-build-env-7cso5slq/overlay/lib/python3.6/site-packages/numpy/core/include -c cvxpy/cvxcore/python/cvxcore_wrap.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/cvxpy/cvxcore/python/cvxcore_wrap.o -O3
cvxpy/cvxcore/python/cvxcore_wrap.cpp:178:21: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Failed building wheel for cvxpy
Failed to build cvxpy
ERROR: Could not build wheels for cvxpy which use PEP 517 and cannot be installed directly
Pastebin with the full error message.
我已安装 CVXPY 并使用 Python 3.5.2。我不确定为什么让它在 Python 3.6.12 上运行时遇到这么多麻烦。在尝试安装 CVXPY 之前，我尝试手动安装依赖项 OSQP、ECOS 和 SCS，但 SCS 会引发相同类型的错误（SCS 构建轮失败）。
我不知道这意味着什么，我也无法理解这一点。任何帮助表示赞赏。
编辑：所以我按照其中一个 cmets 的建议进行了操作，并安装了以下内容：
pip install wheel
但我仍然收到错误消息。
我尝试通过克隆 git 存储库来安装依赖项，但没有任何变化。
(tutorial-env) [username]@CS:~$ git clone https://github.com/cvxgrp/cvxpy
Cloning into 'cvxpy'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 169, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (169/169), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (124/124), done.
remote: Total 58970 (delta 90), reused 75 (delta 41), pack-reused 58801
Receiving objects: 100% (58970/58970), 168.74 MiB | 6.17 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (40842/40842), done.
Checking connectivity... done.
(tutorial-env) [username]@CS:~$ cd ~/cvxpy
(tutorial-env) [username]@CS:~/cvxpy$ pip install -e .
Obtaining file:///home/[username]/cvxpy
Installing build dependencies ... done
Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
Preparing wheel metadata ... done
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.15 in /home/[username]/tutorial-env/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from cvxpy==1.1.7) (1.19.4)
Requirement already satisfied: osqp>=0.4.1 in /home/[username]/tutorial-env/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from cvxpy==1.1.7) (0.6.1)
Requirement already satisfied: ecos>=2 in /home/[username]/tutorial-env/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from cvxpy==1.1.7) (2.0.7.post1)
Collecting scs>=1.1.6
Using cached scs-2.1.2.tar.gz (3.5 MB)
Requirement already satisfied: scipy>=1.1.0 in /home/[username]/tutorial-env/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from cvxpy==1.1.7) (1.5.4)
Requirement already satisfied: future in /home/[username]/tutorial-env/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from osqp>=0.4.1->cvxpy==1.1.7) (0.18.2)
Building wheels for collected packages: scs
Building wheel for scs (setup.py) ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /home/[username]/tutorial-env/bin/python3.6 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-2yhxymp8/scs/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-2yhxymp8/scs/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-xrktv9lx
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-2yhxymp8/scs/
[snipped for length]
error: Command "x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -DPYTHON -DCTRLC=1 -DDLONG=1 -DCOPYAMATRIX -DUSE_LAPACK -DHAVE_CBLAS -DHAVE_CBLAS -Iscs/include -Iscs/linsys -Iscs/linsys/cpu/direct/ -Iscs/linsys/external/amd -Iscs/linsys/external/dqlql -I/home/[username]/tutorial-env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/home/[username]/tutorial-env/include -I/usr/include/python3.6m -c src/scsmodule.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/scsmodule.o -O3" failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Failed building wheel for scs
Running setup.py clean for scs
Failed to build scs
Installing collected packages: scs, cvxpy
Running setup.py install for scs ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /home/[username]/tutorial-env/bin/python3.6 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-2yhxymp8/scs/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-2yhxymp8/scs/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-yr_7wj14/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/[username]/tutorial-env/include/site/python3.6/scs
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-2yhxymp8/scs/
Complete output (115 lines):
[snipped for length]
error: Command "x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -DPYTHON -DCTRLC=1 -DDLONG=1 -DCOPYAMATRIX -DUSE_LAPACK -DHAVE_CBLAS -DHAVE_CBLAS -Iscs/include -Iscs/linsys -Iscs/linsys/cpu/direct/ -Iscs/linsys/external/amd -Iscs/linsys/external/dqlql -I/home/[username]/tutorial-env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/home/[username]/tutorial-env/include -I/usr/include/python3.6m -c src/scsmodule.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/scsmodule.o -O3" failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /home/[username]/tutorial-env/bin/python3.6 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-2yhxymp8/scs/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-2yhxymp8/scs/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-yr_7wj14/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/[username]/tutorial-env/include/site/python3.6/scs Check the logs for full command output.
Pastebin with full error message.
然后我尝试先自行安装 SCS 依赖项，但仍然出现同样的错误。 Pastebin with full error message.
【问题讨论】：
-
看起来它出错了，因为没有安装包
wheel。试试pip install wheel。 -
@Czaporka，我安装了该软件包，但仍然出现错误。我用其他信息更新了查询。
标签： python python-3.x linux python-3.6 cvxpy