在 shell 脚本中扩展 ipv6 地址

Question

我想根据给定的 IPv6 地址更新 djbdns (dbndns) 配置文件，例如2a01:488:66:1000:523:f116:0:1 或 ::1。

dbndns 需要扩展的 IPv6 地址，例如2a010488006610000523f11600000001 为2a01:488:66:1000:523:f116:0:1。

扩展这种 IPv6 地址最简单的方法是什么？

Answer 1

使用sipcalc 可能会做到这一点。它提供了比您需要的更多的信息，但 grep 和 cut 可以解决这个问题:-)

$ EXPANDED=`sipcalc 2001::1 | fgrep Expanded | cut -d '-' -f 2`
$ echo $EXPAND
2001:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001

供参考，这是sipcalc的完整输出：

$ sipcalc 2001::1
-[ipv6 : 2001::1] - 0

[IPV6 INFO]
Expanded Address        - 2001:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001
Compressed address      - 2001::1
Subnet prefix (masked)  - 2001:0:0:0:0:0:0:1/128
Address ID (masked)     - 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0/128
Prefix address          - ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
Prefix length           - 128
Address type            - Aggregatable Global Unicast Addresses
Network range           - 2001:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 -
                          2001:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001

Answer 2

我最近想要一个可以跨 shell 移植并在诸如 openwrt 等平台上工作的无依赖解决方案。我想出了以下sn-p：

# helper to convert hex to dec (portable version)
hex2dec(){
    [ "$1" != "" ] && printf "%d" "$(( 0x$1 ))"
}

# expand an ipv6 address
expand_ipv6() {
    ip=$1

    # prepend 0 if we start with :
    echo $ip | grep -qs "^:" && ip="0${ip}"

    # expand ::
    if echo $ip | grep -qs "::"; then
        colons=$(echo $ip | sed 's/[^:]//g')
        missing=$(echo ":::::::::" | sed "s/$colons//")
        expanded=$(echo $missing | sed 's/:/:0/g')
        ip=$(echo $ip | sed "s/::/$expanded/")
    fi

    blocks=$(echo $ip | grep -o "[0-9a-f]\+")
    set $blocks

    printf "%04x:%04x:%04x:%04x:%04x:%04x:%04x:%04x\n" \
        $(hex2dec $1) \
        $(hex2dec $2) \
        $(hex2dec $3) \
        $(hex2dec $4) \
        $(hex2dec $5) \
        $(hex2dec $6) \
        $(hex2dec $7) \
        $(hex2dec $8)
}

我也有这个功能可以压缩

# returns a compressed ipv6 address under the form recommended by RFC5952
compress_ipv6() {
    ip=$1

    blocks=$(echo $ip | grep -o "[0-9a-f]\+")
    set $blocks

    # compress leading zeros
    ip=$(printf "%x:%x:%x:%x:%x:%x:%x:%x\n" \
        $(hex2dec $1) \
        $(hex2dec $2) \
        $(hex2dec $3) \
        $(hex2dec $4) \
        $(hex2dec $5) \
        $(hex2dec $6) \
        $(hex2dec $7) \
        $(hex2dec $8)
    )

    # prepend : for easier matching
    ip=:$ip

    # :: must compress the longest chain
    for pattern in :0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 \
            :0:0:0:0:0:0:0 \
            :0:0:0:0:0:0 \
            :0:0:0:0:0 \
            :0:0:0:0 \
            :0:0; do
        if echo $ip | grep -qs $pattern; then
            ip=$(echo $ip | sed "s/$pattern/::/")
            # if the substitution occured before the end, we have :::
            ip=$(echo $ip | sed 's/:::/::/')
            break # only one substitution
        fi
    done

    # remove prepending : if necessary
    echo $ip | grep -qs "^:[^:]" && ip=$(echo $ip | sed 's/://')

    echo $ip
}

您可以将它们结合起来测试给定的输入是否为 ipv6

# a valid ipv6 is either the expanded form or the compressed one
is_ipv6(){
    expanded="$(expand_ipv6 $1)"
    [ "$1" = "$expanded" ] && return 0
    compressed="$(compress_ipv6 $expanded)"
    [ "$1" = "$compressed" ] && return 0
    return 1
}

我希望这会有所帮助！这些 sn-ps 取自 https://github.com/chmduquesne/wg-ip。如果您发现任何错误，请贡献！

Answer 3

这适合你吗？

kent$  echo "2a01:488:66:1000:523:f116:0:1"|awk -F: '{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++)x=x""sprintf ("%4s", $i);gsub(/ /,"0",x);print x}'
2a010488006610000523f11600000001

Answer 4

__rfc5952_expand () {
    read addr mask < <(IFS=/; echo $1)
    quads=$(grep -oE "[a-fA-F0-9]{1,4}" <<< ${addr/\/*} | wc -l)
    #[ "${addr:${#addr}-1}" == ":" ] && { addr="${addr}0000"; (( quads++ )); }
    grep -qs ":$" <<< $addr && { addr="${addr}0000"; (( quads++ )); }
    grep -qs "^:" <<< $addr && { addr="0000${addr}"; (( quads++ )); }
    [ $quads -lt 8 ] && addr=${addr/::/:$(for (( i=1; i<=$(( 8 - quads )) ; i++ )); do printf "0000:"; done)}
    #addr=$(
    #for quad in $(IFS=:; echo ${addr}); do
    #    [ "${#quad}" -lt 4 ] && for (( i=${#quad}; i<4 ; i++ )); do quad=0${quad}; done
    #    printf "${delim}${quad}"; delim=":";
    # Or so if you need result without colon, as asked in first post
    #   printf "${quad}";
    #done)
    addr=$(for quad in $(IFS=:; echo ${addr}); do printf "${delim}%04x" "0x${quad}"; delim=":"; done)
    #addr=$(for quad in $(IFS=:; echo ${addr}); do printf "%04x" "0x${quad}"; done)  
    [ ! -z $mask ] && echo $addr/$mask || echo $addr
}

for ip in 2a01:4f8:211:9e::/64 ::1/128; do __rfc5952_expand $ip; done

2a01:04f8:0211:009e:0000:0000:0000:0000/64
0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001/128

__rfc5952_compact () {
    read addr mask < <(IFS=/; echo $1)
    addr=$(for quad in $(IFS=:; echo ${addr}); do printf "${delim}%x" "0x${quad}"; delim=":"; done)
    for zeros in $(grep -oE "((^|:)0)+:?" <<< $addr | sort -r | head -1); do addr=${addr/$zeros/::}; done
    [ ! -z $mask ] && echo $addr/$mask || echo $addr
}

for ip in 2a01:04f8:0211:009e:00:0001:0000:0000/64 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001/128; do __rfc5952_compact $ip; done

2a01:4f8:211:9e:0:1::/64
::1/128