Perl XML::LibXML 替换文本

Question

简单的xml文件cr.xml

<book_reviewers>
    <results>
        <reviewer>
            <name>Anne</name>
            <profession>Catfish wrangler</profession>
        </reviewer>
        <reviewer>
            <name>Bob</name>
            <profession>Beer taster</profession>
        </reviewer>
        <reviewer>
            <name>Charlie</name>
            <profession>Gardener</profession>
        </reviewer>
    </results>
</book_reviewers>

我想遍历每个审阅者并将名称替换为新的名称

我并没有尝试同时使用这两种方法，而是通过其他帖子的形式，这两种方法都应该有效，但我不断收到错误：

Can't locate object method "setData"

Can't locate object method "removeChildNodes

Can't locate object method "appendText"

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

use strict;
use XML::LibXML;

my $critics_file = "cr.xml";
my $parser = new XML::LibXML;   


print "Couldn't retrieve review details\n" 
    unless my $book_reviews  = $parser->parse_file($reviews_file);


foreach my $critics ($critic_details->findnodes('/book_reviewers/results/reviewer')) {

    my $value = $critics->findvalue('name');    #returns the correct name
    $value->removeChildNodes();
    $value->appendText('new_name');

     ##ONLY EITHER THE ABOVE METHOD OR THE ONE BELOW - NOT BOTH

    my $node  = $critics->findnodes('.//name.text()');#returns the correct name
    $node->setData('new_name');


}

谁能看出我哪里出错了？

干杯

Answer 1

使用XML::LibXML的解决方案

以下直接访问Text Node即可简单方便地更改附文：

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;

use XML::LibXML;

my $doc = XML::LibXML->load_xml( IO => \*DATA );

for my $text ( $doc->findnodes('//reviewer/name/text()') ) {
    $text->setData('new_name');
}

print $doc->toString;

__DATA__
<book_reviewers>
    <results>
        <reviewer>
            <name>Anne</name>
            <profession>Catfish wrangler</profession>
        </reviewer>
        <reviewer>
            <name>Bob</name>
            <profession>Beer taster</profession>
        </reviewer>
        <reviewer>
            <name>Charlie</name>
            <profession>Gardener</profession>
        </reviewer>
    </results>
</book_reviewers>

使用XML::Twig的解决方案

取每个审阅者的名字，然后把他们颠倒过来：

use strict;
use warnings;

use XML::Twig;

my $t= XML::Twig->new( 
    twig_handlers => {
        q{//reviewer/name} => sub { $_->set_text(scalar reverse $_->text()) },
    },
    pretty_print => 'indented',
);
$t->parse( do { local $/; <DATA> } );
$t->print;

__DATA__
<book_reviewers>
    <results>
        <reviewer>
            <name>Anne</name>
            <profession>Catfish wrangler</profession>
        </reviewer>
        <reviewer>
            <name>Bob</name>
            <profession>Beer taster</profession>
        </reviewer>
        <reviewer>
            <name>Charlie</name>
            <profession>Gardener</profession>
        </reviewer>
    </results>
</book_reviewers>

输出：

<book_reviewers>
  <results>
    <reviewer>
      <name>ennA</name>
      <profession>Catfish wrangler</profession>
    </reviewer>
    <reviewer>
      <name>boB</name>
      <profession>Beer taster</profession>
    </reviewer>
    <reviewer>
      <name>eilrahC</name>
      <profession>Gardener</profession>
    </reviewer>
  </results>
</book_reviewers>

Answer 2

问题在于这个调用

my $value = $critics->findvalue('name')

返回name 元素的字符串内容，您正试图将其视为XML::LibXML::Element 对象。

只需将方法调用改为

my ($value) = $critics->findnodes('name')

一切都会好起来的。

这是您程序的工作版本。

#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use warnings;

use XML::LibXML;

my $reviews_file = 'cr.xml';
my $parser = XML::LibXML->new;

my $doc = $parser->parse_file($reviews_file) or die "Couldn't parse book reviewers\n";

for my $reviewer ($doc->findnodes('/book_reviewers/results/reviewer')) {
  my ($name) = $reviewer->findnodes('name');
  $name->removeChildNodes;
  $name->appendText('new_name');  
}

print $doc->toString;

输出

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<book_reviewers>
    <results>
        <reviewer>
            <name>new_name</name>
            <profession>Catfish wrangler</profession>
        </reviewer>
        <reviewer>
            <name>new_name</name>
            <profession>Beer taster</profession>
        </reviewer>
        <reviewer>
            <name>new_name</name>
            <profession>Gardener</profession>
        </reviewer>
    </results>
</book_reviewers>

Answer 3

my $value = $critics->findvalue('name');    #returns the correct name
$value->removeChildNodes();
$value->appendText('new_name');

$value 是一个简单的标量，它保存找到的 xml 元素 <name>…</name> 的文本。您不能在“字符串”上调用任何这些方法，可以吗？

Answer 4

试图让您进入 TIMTOWTDI，这是另一个代码更紧凑的示例：

您可以直接找到所有<name>…</name> 元素，并且可以使用“默认”变量$_ 立即迭代它们。

use strict;
use warnings;

use utf8;

use XML::LibXML;

my $filename = "cr.xml";

my $parser = XML::LibXML->new();
my $critic_details = $parser->parse_file("$filename") or die;

my $new_name = "new_name";

# find ALL the <book_reviewers><results><reviewers><name> nodes
foreach ($critic_details
  ->findnodes("book_reviewers/results/reviewer/name")
) {
  $_->removeChildNodes();
  $_->appendText($new_name);
}

use XML::LibXML::PrettyPrint;
my $pretty = XML::LibXML::PrettyPrint->new(
  indent_string =>' ' x4,
  element       => {
    compact       => [qw| name profession |],
    }
  );
$pretty->pretty_print($critic_details);

print $critic_details->toString;

__END__

享受吧！