【发布时间】:2026-02-06 06:25:01
【问题描述】:
我正在一个简单的抓取器上进行编辑,该抓取器会抓取 Youtube 视频的评论页面。爬虫使用 Ajax 浏览 Youtube 视频评论页面上的每条评论,然后将它们保存到 json 文件中。即使 cmets 数量很少(
我尝试包含 request-cache 并使用 ujson 而不是 json 来查看是否有任何好处,但没有明显区别。
这是我目前使用的代码:
import os
import sys
import time
import ujson
import requests
import requests_cache
import argparse
import lxml.html
requests_cache.install_cache('comment_cache')
from lxml.cssselect import CSSSelector
YOUTUBE_COMMENTS_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/all_comments?v={youtube_id}'
YOUTUBE_COMMENTS_AJAX_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/comment_ajax'
def find_value(html, key, num_chars=2):
pos_begin = html.find(key) + len(key) + num_chars
pos_end = html.find('"', pos_begin)
return html[pos_begin: pos_end]
def extract_comments(html):
tree = lxml.html.fromstring(html)
item_sel = CSSSelector('.comment-item')
text_sel = CSSSelector('.comment-text-content')
photo_sel = CSSSelector('.user-photo')
for item in item_sel(tree):
yield {'cid': item.get('data-cid'),
'name': item.get('data-name'),
'ytid': item.get('data-aid'),
'text': text_sel(item)[0].text_content(),
'photo': photo_sel(item)[0].get('src')}
def extract_reply_cids(html):
tree = lxml.html.fromstring(html)
sel = CSSSelector('.comment-replies-header > .load-comments')
return [i.get('data-cid') for i in sel(tree)]
def ajax_request(session, url, params, data, retries=10, sleep=20):
for _ in range(retries):
response = session.post(url, params=params, data=data)
if response.status_code == 200:
response_dict = ujson.loads(response.text)
return response_dict.get('page_token', None), response_dict['html_content']
else:
time.sleep(sleep)
def download_comments(youtube_id, sleep=1, order_by_time=True):
session = requests.Session()
# Get Youtube page with initial comments
response = session.get(YOUTUBE_COMMENTS_URL.format(youtube_id=youtube_id))
html = response.text
reply_cids = extract_reply_cids(html)
ret_cids = []
for comment in extract_comments(html):
ret_cids.append(comment['cid'])
yield comment
page_token = find_value(html, 'data-token')
session_token = find_value(html, 'XSRF_TOKEN', 4)
first_iteration = True
# Get remaining comments (the same as pressing the 'Show more' button)
while page_token:
data = {'video_id': youtube_id,
'session_token': session_token}
params = {'action_load_comments': 1,
'order_by_time': order_by_time,
'filter': youtube_id}
if order_by_time and first_iteration:
params['order_menu'] = True
else:
data['page_token'] = page_token
response = ajax_request(session, YOUTUBE_COMMENTS_AJAX_URL, params, data)
if not response:
break
page_token, html = response
reply_cids += extract_reply_cids(html)
for comment in extract_comments(html):
if comment['cid'] not in ret_cids:
ret_cids.append(comment['cid'])
yield comment
first_iteration = False
time.sleep(sleep)
# Get replies (the same as pressing the 'View all X replies' link)
for cid in reply_cids:
data = {'comment_id': cid,
'video_id': youtube_id,
'can_reply': 1,
'session_token': session_token}
params = {'action_load_replies': 1,
'order_by_time': order_by_time,
'filter': youtube_id,
'tab': 'inbox'}
response = ajax_request(session, YOUTUBE_COMMENTS_AJAX_URL, params, data)
if not response:
break
_, html = response
for comment in extract_comments(html):
if comment['cid'] not in ret_cids:
ret_cids.append(comment['cid'])
yield comment
time.sleep(sleep)
def main(argv):
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False, description=('Download Youtube comments without using the Youtube API'))
parser.add_argument('--help', '-h', action='help', default=argparse.SUPPRESS, help='Show this help message and exit')
parser.add_argument('--youtubeid', '-y', help='ID of Youtube video for which to download the comments')
parser.add_argument('--output', '-o', help='Output filename (output format is line delimited JSON)')
parser.add_argument('--timeorder', '-t', action='store_true', help='Download Youtube comments ordered by time')
try:
args = parser.parse_args(argv)
youtube_id = args.youtubeid
output = args.output
start_time = time.time()
if not youtube_id or not output:
parser.print_usage()
raise ValueError('you need to specify a Youtube ID and an output filename')
print 'Downloading Youtube comments for video:', youtube_id
count = 0
with open(output, 'wb') as fp:
for comment in download_comments(youtube_id, order_by_time=bool(args.timeorder)):
print >> fp, ujson.dumps(comment, escape_forward_slashes=False)
count += 1
sys.stdout.write('Downloaded %d comment(s)\r' % count)
sys.stdout.flush()
elapsed_time = time.time() - start_time
print '\nDone! Elapsed time (seconds):', elapsed_time
except Exception, e:
print 'Error:', str(e)
sys.exit(1)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main(sys.argv[1:])
我是 Python 新手,所以我不确定瓶颈在哪里。完成的脚本将用于解析超过 100,000 个 cmets,因此性能是一个重要因素。
- 使用多线程可以解决问题吗?如果是这样,我将如何重构它以从中受益?
- 这完全是网络问题吗?
【问题讨论】:
-
对不起,您是如何找出需要插入“session.post”以便从“youtube.com/comment_ajax”网址获得正确响应的正确参数和数据的?我在这个 url/API 上找不到任何文档。
标签: python ajax youtube comments lxml