Python：如何将包含字典的函数传递给另一个函数？

Question

我是 python 新手，我正在开发一个游戏来自学 python。这场比赛将有许多课程，有问题和答案；用户将根据其答案的有效性获得和失去积分。

我正在使用字典来存储将在每节课中提出的问题和答案。

我只想在特定点（例如，在用户输入命令后）显示和检查字典的键和值。为此，我想我可以创建包含字典的函数，然后在需要时将它们传递给主函数。

但是当我运行下面的代码时，我得到了以下错误：AttributeError: 'function' object has no attribute 'iteritems'

所以我有两个问题：

1. 我尝试从函数中删除字典，它可以工作 那么就好了。有什么办法（或理由）让它在 一个函数？
2. 是否可以只使用一个字典并在某些点检查其中一部分的键和值？

到目前为止，这是我的代码。任何建议将不胜感激！

points = 10 # user begins game with 10 pts 

def point_system(): 
    global points

    #help user track points
    if 5 >= points: 
        print "Careful. You have %d points left." % points 
    elif points == 0: 
        dead("You've lost all your points. Please start over.")
    else:
        print "Good job. Spend your points wisely." 

def lesson1(): 
    #create a dictionary 
    mydict = {
    "q1":"a1", 
    "q2":"a2"
    }

return mydict

def main(lesson):
    global points

    #get key:value pair from dictionary
    for k, v in lesson.iteritems():
        lesson.get(k,v) # Is the .get step necessary? It works perfectly well without it.
        print k
        user_answer = raw_input("What's your answer?: ") 

#test if user_answer == value in dictionary, and award points accordingly 
        if user_answer == v:
            user_answer = True
            points += 1 #increase points by 1 
            print "Congrats, you gained a point! You now have %d points" % points 
            point_system()
        elif user_answer != v: 
            points -= 1 #decrease points by 1 
            print "Oops, you lost a point. You now have %d points" % points 
            point_system()
        else: 
            print "Something went wrong."
            point_system()


main(lesson1) 

以及有效的代码：

points = 10 # user begins game with 10 pts 

#create a dictionary 
lesson1 = {
"q1":"a1", 
"q2":"a2"
}

def point_system(): 
    global points

    #help user track points
    if 5 >= points: 
    print "Careful. You have %d points left." % points 
    elif points == 0: 
    dead("You've lost all your points. Please start over.")
    else:
    print "Good job. Spend your points wisely." 

def main(lesson):
    global points

    #get key:value pair from dictionary
    for k, v in lesson.iteritems():
        lesson.get(k,v) # Is the .get step necessary? It works perfectly well without it.
        print k
        user_answer = raw_input("What's your answer?: ") 

#test if user_answer == value in dictionary, and award points accordingly 
        if user_answer == v:
            user_answer = True
            points += 1 #increase points by 1 
            print "Congrats, you gained a point! You now have %d points" % points 
            point_system()
        elif user_answer != v: 
            points -= 1 #decrease points by 1 
            print "Oops, you lost a point. You now have %d points" % points 
            point_system()
        else: 
            print "Something went wrong."
            point_system()


main(lesson1) 

Answer 1

您正在使用第 1 课函数调用 main()，而不是第 1 课函数（它是一个目录）的结果。

你应该写：

main(lesson1())

顺便说一句，第 1 课还必须返回创建的目录才能正常工作：

def lesson1(): 
    #create a dictionary 
    mydict = {
        "q1":"a1", 
        "q2":"a2"
    }
    return mydict

Answer 2

您传递了一个返回字典的函数，因此您应该首先调用该函数来获取字典。所以你可以修改你的代码，以便 main 接受字典（代码实际上需要一个字典）：

main(lesson1())

如果你真的想传递一个函数，那么你应该修改你main以先执行函数来获取字典：

def main(lessonFunc):
    global points
    lesson = lessonFunc()

    #get key:value pair from dictionary
    for k, v in lesson.iteritems():

但第一个选项可能更好。您还可以将课程打包到一个对象中。