如何中断 CompletableFuture 的底层执行

Question

我知道CompletableFuture 设计不会通过中断来控制其执行，但我想你们中的一些人可能会遇到这个问题。 CompletableFutures 是编写异步执行的非常好的方法，但是如果您希望在取消未来时中断或停止底层执行，我们该怎么做呢？或者我们必须接受任何取消或手动完成的CompletableFuture 不会影响在那里完成它的线程？

在我看来，这显然是一项无用的工作，需要 executor worker 的时间。我想知道在这种情况下哪种方法或设计可能会有所帮助？

更新

这是一个简单的测试

public class SimpleTest {

  @Test
  public void testCompletableFuture() throws Exception {
    CompletableFuture<Void> cf = CompletableFuture.runAsync(()->longOperation());

    bearSleep(1);

    //cf.cancel(true);
    cf.complete(null);

    System.out.println("it should die now already");
    bearSleep(7);
  }

  public static void longOperation(){
    System.out.println("started");
    bearSleep(5);
    System.out.println("completed");
  }

  private static void bearSleep(long seconds){
    try {
      TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(seconds);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      System.out.println("OMG!!! Interrupt!!!");
    }
  }
}

Answer 1

CompletableFuture 与可能最终完成它的异步操作无关。

因为（不像FutureTask）这个类不能直接控制 导致它完成的计算，取消被视为 只是另一种形式的异常完成。方法cancel 具有 效果和completeExceptionally(new CancellationException())一样。

甚至可能没有个单独的线程来完成它（甚至可能有许多个线程在处理它）。即使有，也没有从 CompletableFuture 到任何引用它的线程的链接。

因此，您无法通过CompletableFuture 执行任何操作来中断任何可能正在运行某个任务以完成它的线程。您必须编写自己的逻辑来跟踪任何获得对 CompletableFuture 的引用以完成它的 Thread 实例。

---

这是我认为您可以逃脱的执行类型的示例。

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
    CompletableFuture<String> completable = new CompletableFuture<>();
    Future<?> future = service.submit(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                if (Thread.interrupted()) {
                    return; // remains uncompleted
                }
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    return; // remains uncompleted
                }
            }
            completable.complete("done");
        }
    });

    Thread.sleep(2000);

    // not atomic across the two
    boolean cancelled = future.cancel(true);
    if (cancelled)
        completable.cancel(true); // may not have been cancelled if execution has already completed
    if (completable.isCancelled()) {
        System.out.println("cancelled");
    } else if (completable.isCompletedExceptionally()) {
        System.out.println("exception");
    } else {
        System.out.println("success");
    }
    service.shutdown();
}

这假定正在执行的任务已设置为正确处理中断。

Answer 2

这个怎么样？

public static <T> CompletableFuture<T> supplyAsync(final Supplier<T> supplier) {

    final ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);

    final CompletableFuture<T> cf = new CompletableFuture<T>() {
        @Override
        public boolean complete(T value) {
            if (isDone()) {
                return false;
            }
            executorService.shutdownNow();
            return super.complete(value);
        }

        @Override
        public boolean completeExceptionally(Throwable ex) {
            if (isDone()) {
                return false;
            }
            executorService.shutdownNow();
            return super.completeExceptionally(ex);
        }
    };

    // submit task
    executorService.submit(() -> {
        try {
            cf.complete(supplier.get());
        } catch (Throwable ex) {
            cf.completeExceptionally(ex);
        }
    });

    return cf;
}

简单测试：

    CompletableFuture<String> cf = supplyAsync(() -> {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000L);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("got interrupted");
            return "got interrupted";
        }
        System.out.println("normal complete");
        return "normal complete";
    });

    cf.complete("manual complete");
    System.out.println(cf.get());

我不喜欢每次都必须创建 Executor 服务的想法，但也许您可以找到一种方法来重用 ForkJoinPool。

Answer 3

如果你使用

cf.get();

而不是

cf.join();

等待完成的线程可以被中断。这让我陷入了**，所以我只是把它放在那里。然后，您需要进一步传播此中断/使用 cf.cancel(...) 来真正完成执行。

Answer 4

我有类似的问题，我需要模拟 InterruptedException。

我模拟了应该返回 CompletetableFuture 的方法调用，并在返回值上放置了一个间谍，这样CompletableFuture#get 将抛出异常。

它按我的预期工作，并且我能够测试该代码正确处理了异常。

        CompletableFuture spiedFuture = spy(CompletableFuture.completedFuture(null));
        when(spiedFuture .get()).thenThrow(new InterruptedException());

        when(servuce.getById(anyString())).thenReturn(spiedFuture );

Answer 5

这里是创建Future可以取消的任务的超短版：

public static <T> Future<T> supplyAsync(Function<Future<T>, T> operation) {
    CompletableFuture<T> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
    return future.completeAsync(() -> operation.apply(future));
}

CompletableFuture 被传递给操作Function 以便能够检查Future 的取消状态：

Future<Result> future = supplyAsync(task -> {
   while (!task.isCancelled()) {
       // computation
   }
   return result;
});
// later you may cancel
future.cancel(false);
// or retrieve the result
Result result = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

但这不会中断运行该操作的Thread。如果您还希望能够中断Thread，则必须存储对它的引用并覆盖Future.cancel(..) 以中断它。

public static <T> Future<T> supplyAsync(Function<Future<T>, T> action) {
    return supplyAsync(action, r -> new Thread(r).start());
}

public static <T> Future<T> supplyAsync(Function<Future<T>, T> action, Executor executor) {

    AtomicReference<Thread> interruptThread = new AtomicReference<>();
    CompletableFuture<T> future = new CompletableFuture<>() {

        @Override
        public boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) {
            if (!interruptThread.compareAndSet(null, Thread.currentThread()) 
                   && mayInterruptIfRunning) {
                interruptThread.get().interrupt();
            }
            return super.cancel(mayInterruptIfRunning);
        }
    };

    executor.execute(() -> {
        if (interruptThread.compareAndSet(null, Thread.currentThread())) try {
            future.complete(action.apply(future));
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            future.completeExceptionally(e);
        }
    });

    return future;
}

以下测试检查执行我们的Function 的Thread 是否被中断：

@Test
void supplyAsyncWithCancelOnInterrupt() throws Exception {
    Object lock = new Object();
    CountDownLatch done = new CountDownLatch(1);
    CountDownLatch started = new CountDownLatch(1);

    Future<Object> future = supplyAsync(m -> {
        started.countDown();
        synchronized (lock) {
            try {
                lock.wait(); // let's get interrupted
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                done.countDown();
            }
        }
        return null;
    });

    assertFalse(future.isCancelled());
    assertFalse(future.isDone());

    assertTrue(started.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
    assertTrue(future.cancel(true));

    assertTrue(future.isCancelled());
    assertTrue(future.isDone());
    assertThrows(CancellationException.class, () -> future.get());
    assertTrue(done.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
}

Answer 6

怎么样？

/** @return {@link CompletableFuture} which when cancelled will interrupt the supplier
 */
public static <T> CompletableFuture<T> supplyAsyncInterruptibly(Supplier<T> supplier, Executor executor) {
    return produceInterruptibleCompletableFuture((s) -> CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(s, executor), supplier);
}

// in case we want to do the same for similar methods later
private static <T> CompletableFuture<T> produceInterruptibleCompletableFuture(
        Function<Supplier<T>,CompletableFuture<T>> completableFutureAsyncSupplier, Supplier<T> action) {
    FutureTask<T> task = new FutureTask<>(action::get);
    return addCancellationAction(completableFutureAsyncSupplier.apply(asSupplier(task)), () ->
            task.cancel(true));
}

/** Ensures the specified action is executed if the given {@link CompletableFuture} is cancelled.
 */
public static <T> CompletableFuture<T> addCancellationAction(CompletableFuture<T> completableFuture,
                                                             @NonNull Runnable onCancellationAction) {
    completableFuture.whenComplete((result, throwable) -> {
        if (completableFuture.isCancelled()) {
            onCancellationAction.run();
        }
    });
    return completableFuture;  // return original CompletableFuture
}

/** @return {@link Supplier} wrapper for the given {@link RunnableFuture} which calls {@link RunnableFuture#run()}
 *          followed by {@link RunnableFuture#get()}.
 */
public static <T> Supplier<T> asSupplier(RunnableFuture<T> futureTask) throws CompletionException {
    return () -> {
        try {
            futureTask.run();
            try {
                return futureTask.get();
            } catch (ExecutionException e) {  // unwrap ExecutionExceptions
                final Throwable cause = e.getCause();
                throw (cause != null) ? cause : e;
            }
        } catch (CompletionException e) {
            throw e;
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            throw new CompletionException(t);
        }
    };
}