如何将 django ModelForm 字段显示为不可编辑

Question

通过django ModelForm 开始我的课程，我想让用户能够编辑博客中的条目。BlogEntry 有一个date,postedTime, title and content。我想向用户展示一个显示所有这些的编辑表单字段，但只有title and content as editable。 date and postedTime should be shown as uneditable。

class BlogEntry(models.Model):
   title = models.CharField(unique=True,max_length=50)
   description = models.TextField(blank=True)
   date = models.DateField(default=datetime.date.today)
   postedTime = models.TimeField(null=True)

...

对于添加条目，我以正常方式使用 ModelForm..

class BlogEntryAddForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = BlogEntry
...

但是我如何创建编辑表单？我希望它到show the date,postedTime as uneditable（但仍将它们显示在表单上）并让用户编辑title and description。

如果我使用exclude in class Meta 作为日期和发布时间，这将导致它们不会出现在表单上。那么，我怎样才能将它们显示为不可编辑？

class BlogEntryEditForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = BlogEntry
        ...?...

Answer 1

在表单对象中，声明字段的属性为readonly：

form.fields['field'].widget.attrs['readonly'] = True

Answer 2

date 字段是表示条目首次创建的日期还是上次修改的日期？如果首先使用auto_now_add 选项，则使用auto_now。那就是：

date = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True)

将在创建条目时将date 设置为现在。

auto_now_add 使字段不可编辑。对于其他情况，使用editable 选项使任何字段不可编辑。例如

postedDate = models.TimeField(null=True, editable=False)

此外，您可能会将posted 布尔字段添加到Entry 模型，因此在postedDate 上设置auto_now 很方便。每次修改条目时，它都会将 postedDate 设置为现在，包括将 posted 设置为 True 时的条目。

Answer 3

我是这样实现的：https://djangosnippets.org/snippets/10514/ 此实现将模型实例的数据用于所有只读字段，而不是处理表单时获得的数据

在相同的代码下，但使用他的例子

from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.utils import six
from django.utils.encoding import force_str

__all__ = (
    'ReadOnlyFieldsMixin',
    'new_readonly_form_class'
)


class ReadOnlyFieldsMixin(object):
    """Usage:
    class MyFormAllFieldsReadOnly(ReadOnlyFieldsMixin, forms.Form):
        ...


    class MyFormSelectedFieldsReadOnly(ReadOnlyFieldsMixin, forms.Form):
        readonly_fields = ('field1', 'field2')
        ...
    """
    readonly_fields = ()

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(ReadOnlyFieldsMixin, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.define_readonly_fields(self.fields)

    def clean(self):
        cleaned_data = super(ReadOnlyFieldsMixin, self).clean()

        for field_name, field in six.iteritems(self.fields):
            if self._must_be_readonly(field_name):
                cleaned_data[field_name] = getattr(self.instance, field_name)

        return cleaned_data

    def define_readonly_fields(self, field_list):

        fields = [field for field_name, field in six.iteritems(field_list)
                  if self._must_be_readonly(field_name)]

        map(lambda field: self._set_readonly(field), fields)

    def _all_fields(self):
        return not bool(self.readonly_fields)

    def _set_readonly(self, field):
        field.widget.attrs['disabled'] = 'true'
        field.required = False

    def _must_be_readonly(self, field_name):
        return field_name in self.readonly_fields or self._all_fields()


def new_readonly_form_class(form_class, readonly_fields=()):
    name = force_str("ReadOnly{}".format(form_class.__name__))
    class_fields = {'readonly_fields': readonly_fields}
    return type(name, (ReadOnlyFieldsMixin, form_class), class_fields)

用法：

class BlogEntry(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(unique=True,max_length=50)
    description = models.TextField(blank=True)
    date = models.DateField(default=datetime.date.today)
    postedTime = models.TimeField(null=True)


# all fields are readonly    
class BlogEntryReadOnlyForm(ReadOnlyFieldsMixin, forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = BlogEntry

# selected fields are readonly
class BlogEntryReadOnlyForm2(ReadOnlyFieldsMixin, forms.ModelForm):
    readonly_fields = ('date', 'postedTime')
    class Meta:
        model = BlogEntry

或使用函数

class BlogEntryForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = BlogEntry

BlogEntryFormReadOnlyForm = new_readonly_form_class(BlogEntryForm, readonly_fields=('description', ))

Answer 4

这将防止任何用户入侵请求：

self.fields['is_admin'].disabled = True

自定义表单示例：

class MemberShipInlineForm(forms.ModelForm):
    is_admin = forms.BooleanField(required=False)

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):

        super(MemberShipInlineForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        if 'instance' in kwargs and kwargs['instance'].is_group_creator:
            self.fields['is_admin'].disabled = True

    class Meta:
        model = MemberShip
        fields = '__all__'

Answer 5

来自documentation，

class BlogEntryEditForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
    model = BlogEntry
    readonly_fields = ['date','postedTime']