从 pg_basebackup 恢复

Question

我使用命令对 postgresql 数据库进行了每日备份

/usr/bin/pg_basebackup -D $outdir -Ft -x -z -w -R -v

现在我想在另一台服务器上恢复这个数据库。我使用了https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.5/static/continuous-archiving.html#BACKUP-PITR-RECOVERY 上的描述。

备份中包含的recovery.conf文件内容如下：

standby_mode = 'on'
primary_conninfo = 'user=postgres port=5432 sslmode=prefer sslcompression=1 krbsrvname=postgres'

文档中的下一步 (8.) 说启动 postgresql。由于超时，这会导致失败：

3783 postgres: startup process   waiting for 0000000100000024000000B 

在原始服务器上我没有这个文件。是否可以只恢复 pg_basebackup 的状态而不使用任何 WAL 文件？那么 recovery.conf 文件中应该包含什么内容？

根据@JosMac 的建议，我将 recovery.conf 移至以下结果：

shaun2:/var/lib/pgsql/data # service postgresql start
Job for postgresql.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status postgresql.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
shaun2:/var/lib/pgsql/data # service postgresql status
â postgresql.service - PostgreSQL database server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Mon 2018-06-18 12:02:53 CEST; 12s ago
  Process: 1340 ExecStop=/usr/lib/postgresql-init stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 9355 ExecStart=/usr/lib/postgresql-init start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
 Main PID: 1060 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Jun 18 12:02:52 shaun2 postgres[9369]: [3-1] 2018-06-18 12:02:52 CEST   LOG:  invalid checkpoint record
Jun 18 12:02:52 shaun2 postgres[9369]: [4-1] 2018-06-18 12:02:52 CEST   FATAL:  could not locate required checkpoint record
Jun 18 12:02:52 shaun2 postgres[9369]: [4-2] 2018-06-18 12:02:52 CEST   HINT:  If you are not restoring from a backup, try removing the file "/var/lib/pgsql/data/backup_label".
Jun 18 12:02:52 shaun2 postgres[9367]: [2-1] 2018-06-18 12:02:52 CEST   LOG:  startup process (PID 9369) exited with exit code 1
Jun 18 12:02:52 shaun2 postgres[9367]: [3-1] 2018-06-18 12:02:52 CEST   LOG:  aborting startup due to startup process failure
Jun 18 12:02:53 shaun2 postgresql-init[9355]: pg_ctl: could not start server
Jun 18 12:02:53 shaun2 systemd[1]: postgresql.service: Control process exited, code=exited status=1
Jun 18 12:02:53 shaun2 systemd[1]: Failed to start PostgreSQL database server.
Jun 18 12:02:53 shaun2 systemd[1]: postgresql.service: Unit entered failed state.
Jun 18 12:02:53 shaun2 systemd[1]: postgresql.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.

我想 PostgreSQL 仍在寻找丢失的 WAL 文件，因为 backup_label 的内容：

shaun2:/var/lib/pgsql/data # cat backup_label
START WAL LOCATION: 24/B0000028 (file 0000000100000024000000B0)
CHECKPOINT LOCATION: 24/B0000028
BACKUP METHOD: streamed
BACKUP FROM: master
START TIME: 2018-06-14 02:55:08 CEST
LABEL: pg_basebackup base backup

将backup_label移走后的结果：

shaun2:/var/lib/pgsql/data # service postgresql status
â postgresql.service - PostgreSQL database server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Mon 2018-06-18 12:17:54 CEST; 4s ago
  Process: 1340 ExecStop=/usr/lib/postgresql-init stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 10401 ExecStart=/usr/lib/postgresql-init start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
 Main PID: 1060 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Jun 18 12:17:53 shaun2 postgres[10414]: [4-1] 2018-06-18 12:17:53 CEST   LOG:  invalid secondary checkpoint record
Jun 18 12:17:53 shaun2 postgres[10414]: [5-1] 2018-06-18 12:17:53 CEST   PANIC:  could not locate a valid checkpoint record
Jun 18 12:17:54 shaun2 postgres[10412]: [2-1] 2018-06-18 12:17:54 CEST   LOG:  startup process (PID 10414) was terminated by signal 6: Aborted

Answer 1

我们使用 pg_basebackup 进行备份，并且还进行了几次恢复，所以通常它运行良好，没有问题。

但我建议您使用参数-X stream 而不是-x（意思是“-X fetch”）。使用此参数，pg_basebackup 将捕获并存储在备份期间创建的 WAL 日志段以及数据文件。这些 WAL 日志将存储在单独的 pg_xlog.tar 或 pg_wal.tar 文件中（取决于 PG 版本）。

恢复的完整描述可以在这里找到 - pg_basebackup / pg-barman – restore tar backup