大多数时候,当我需要一个 id 时,可以将其分组到一个短列表中。
当创建嵌套关联或关联的连接时。
假设我们有::user 具有 :pets 到 :user_pets 关联,我们将在其中保存它们的类型。
如果我们有一个正确配置的“has_many: through Association”,我们就可以
User.pets.create(name: "Rex") 但这太简单了,因为我们要创建 :pet 输入 :user_pets。
u = User.create(name: "Cesar")
u.id # => 1 # works fine
p = u.pets.create(name: 'Rex')
# => rails will create UserPets => {id: 1, user_id: 1, pet_id: 1} for us
# But now we have a problem, how do we find :user_pets of our :pet?
# remember we still need to update the :type, the ugly (wrong) way:
up = p.user_pets.first
up.type = 'dog'
up.save! # working but wrong
# Do you see the problems here? We could use an id
P = Pet.new( name: "Destroyer" )
p.id # will not work, as the pet not saved yet to receive an id
up = UserPet.new( user_id: U.id, pet_id: p.id )
# => UserPet {id: 2, user_id: 1, pet_id: nil} # as we expected there is no id.
# What solutions do we have? Use nested creation!
# Good
up = UserPet.new(user_id: u.id, type: "dog")
# even better
up = u.user_pets.new(type: "dog")
# it's just a shortcut for the code above,
# it will add :user_id for us, so let's just remember it.
# Now lets add another 'new' from our creatd 'user_pet'
p = up.pets.new(name: "Millan")
user.save!
# => UserPet: {id: 3, user_id: 1, pet_id: 2, type: 'dog'} # => Pet: {id: 2, name: "Sam"}
# everything is working! YEY!
# we can even better, than writing in the beginning "User.create",
# we can write "User.new" and save it with all the nested elements.
您看到这是如何为我们创建所有 ID 的吗?让我们转向更复杂的事情!
现在我们有一个额外的表:shampoo,它与:user_pet 完全一样,属于:pet 和:user
我们需要在不知道:user和:pet的id的情况下创建它
u = User.new('Mike')
up = u.user_pets.new(type: "cat")
p = up.pets.new(name: "Rowe")
# But what are we doing now?
# If we do:
s = u.shampoos.new(name: "Dirty Job")
# => Shampoo: {user_id: 2, pet_id: nil, name: "..."}
# We get "pet_id: nil", not what we want.
# Or if we do:
s = p.shampoos.new(name: "Schneewittchen")
# => Shampoo: {user_id: nil, pet_id: 3, name: "..."}
# We get "user_id: nil", in both cases we do not get what we want.
# So we need to get the id of not created record, again.
# For this we can just do as in the first example (order is not important)
s = u.shampoos.new(name: "Mission Impossible")
# => Shampoo: {id: 3, user_id: 2, pet_id: nil, name: "..."}
s.pet = p # this will give the missing id, to the shampoo on save.
# Finish with save of the object:
u.save! #=> Shampoo: {id: 3, user_id: 2, pet_id: 3, name: '...'} # => Pet: ...
# Done!
当您需要元素 ID 时,我试图涵盖最常见的原因,以及如何克服这个问题。希望对你有用。