假设我们有两个文本文件，每个文件都包含一个表格，例如：
table1.txt
a: 1
b: 2
c: 3
b: 4
table2.txt
a: 1
b: 2
c: 3
b: 5
我想将这些表添加到 Python 字典中，然后比较条目，以便将不匹配的结果转储到输出文件中。在上面的例子中
输出.txt
b:4 | b:5
感谢您的投入！
【问题讨论】：
标签： python python-3.x python-2.7
对于每个文件，以及它们的每一行，将它们作为条目添加到字典中。最后，比较两个字典的条目，将不匹配的条目写入文件。
def count_words(file, dict):
for line in file:
key_value = line.split(":")
key = key_value[0]
dict[key] = key_value[1].strip()
dict1 = {}
dict2 = {}
with open("table1.txt", "r") as file1:
with open("table2.txt", "r") as file2:
count_words(file2, dict2)
count_words(file1, dict1)
with open("output.txt", "w") as f:
for k in dict1:
if dict1[k] != dict2[k]:
f.write("{0}:{1} | {0}:{2}\n".format(k, dict1[k], dict2[k]))
【讨论】：
首先，将文件中的键值对存储在字典中，删除空格和 '\n'（剥离方法）：
d = dict()
for path in file_paths:
with open(path, 'r') as f:
for line in f:
key, value = line.strip().replace(' ', '').split(':')
if key in d.keys():
d[key].append(value)
else:
d[key] = [value]
然后，如果对应键的值大于 1，则打印值：
for k,v in d.items():
if len(set(v)) > 1:
s = [k + ':' + vv for vv in set(v)]
s = ' | '.join(s)
print(s)
【讨论】：
在字典中读取两个表，迭代第一个表的键以查找第二个表中存在的具有不同值的键，并在列表推导中同时构建输出：
with open('table1.txt') as f:
d1 = dict(line.strip().split(': ') for line in f)
with open('table2.txt') as f:
d2 = dict(line.strip().split(': ') for line in f)
different = [f'{key}:{value} | {key}:{d2[key]}'
for key, value in d1.items()
if key in d2 and value!=d2[key]]
out = '\n'.join(different)
print(out)
# b:4 | b:5
【讨论】：
我会这样做：
t1, t2 = [], []
# below, we read data in from both files.
with open("table1.txt", "r") as f:
t1 = f.read().split("\n")
with open("table2.txt", "r") as f:
t2 = f.read().split("\n")
t12 = []
for i in t1:
for j in t2:
vals = i.split(":"), j.split(":") # we split up the key and value from each file.
if vals[0][0] == vals[1][0]: # i.e. if the keys are the same
t12.append(f"{vals[0][0]}: {vals[0][1]} | {vals[1][0]}: {vals[1][1]}\n") # create a new string that combines both values.
# writing to the new file
with open("tables_combined.txt", "w") as f:
for i in t12:
f.write(i)
【讨论】：
a: 1 b | a: 1 b
我可能会将每个文件读入他们自己的字典。所以阅读文件，将字母指定为键，将数字指定为值，这意味着你会得到两个这样的字典：
dict1 = {
"a": 1,
"b": 2,
"c": 3,
"d": 4
}
dict2 = {
"a": 1,
"b": 2,
"c": 3,
"d": 5
}
然后您可以遍历两个字典，比较键并将奇数保存到列表或类似的东西中。您可以通过执行以下操作来做到这一点（如果您有理由相信两个字典都具有与键相同的字母）：
mismatched_values = []
for key in dict1:
if dict1[key] != dict2[key]:
mismatched_values.append(str(key) + ":" + str(dict1[key]) + "|" + str(key) + ":" + str(dict2[key])
然后你可以再次将mismatched_values参数输出到一个txt文件。
【讨论】：
dictionary，而不是数组。
在您的情况下，您需要阅读 python 字典中的所有内容，然后比较它们并在 output.txt 文件中打印输出
with open("a.txt", "r") as first_file:
with open("b.txt", "r") as second_file:
first_dict = {}
second_dict = {}
for i in first_file.readlines():
first_dict[i.split(':')[0]] = i.split(':')[1].replace("\n", "").replace(" ", "")
for i in second_file.readlines():
second_dict[i.split(':')[0]] = i.split(':')[1].replace("\n", "").replace(" ", "")
with open("report.txt", "w+") as out_file:
for i in first_dict.keys():
if first_dict[i] != second_dict[i]:
out_file.write("{a}:{b}|{a}:{c}\n".format(a=i, b=first_dict[i], c=second_dict[i]))
【讨论】：