我如何在 django 中使用模型对象预先填写表单字段

Question

我有两页个人资料并添加注释。每当我单击任何用户配置文件上的添加注释时，我都想在添加注释表单中填写患者字段，我需要更改 url 路径吗？如果是，我如何从 url 中获取数据并将其填写到表单中。

urls.py

urlpatterns = [
    path('', dashboard, name='dashboard'),
    path('profile/', profile, name='profile'),
    path('profile/<str:slug>/<int:pk>', profile, name='profilepk'),
    path('edit_profile/<int:id>/', edit_profile, name='editprofile'),
    path('addnotes/', addnotes, name='addnote'),
  
]

views.py

def addnotes(request):
    profile = Profile.objects.get(user_id=id)
    form = PatientNotesForm(request.POST or None)
    if form.is_valid():
        form.save()
        return redirect(f'/dashboard/profile/{user.profile.slug}/{user.pk}')

    return render(request, 'core/addnotes.html', {'form': form})

def profile(request, slug, pk):
    profil = Profile.objects.get(slug=slug)
    profile = Profile.objects.get(pk=pk)
    context = {'profile': profile, 'profil': profil}
    return render(request, 'dashboard/profile.html', context)

models.py

class Note(models.Model):
    illness = models.CharField(max_length=1000, blank=True)
    patient = models.ForeignKey(Profile, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='patientnote', null=True)
    Doctor = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True)
    Description = models.CharField(max_length=10000, blank=True)
    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)


    def __str__(self):
        return f"{self.illness}"

forms.py

class PatientNotesForm(ModelForm):
    illness = forms.CharField(max_length=100, help_text='First Name')
    patient = forms.CharField(max_length=100, help_text='Last Name')
    doctor = forms.CharField(max_length=100, help_text='address')
    description =  forms.CharField(max_length=100,widget=forms.Textarea)

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.fields['illness'].widget.attrs.update(
            {'placeholder': ('illness')})
        self.fields['doctor'].widget.attrs.update(
            {'placeholder': ("Doctor's name")})
        self.fields['patient'].widget.attrs.update(
            {'placeholder': ("Patient's name")})
        self.fields['description'].widget.attrs.update(
            {'placeholder': ("Description")})
        self.fields['illness'].widget.attrs.update({'class': 'log'})
        self.fields['doctor'].widget.attrs.update({'class': 'log'})
        self.fields['patient'].widget.attrs.update({'class': 'log'})
        self.fields['description'].widget.attrs.update({'class': 'textarea'})

    class Meta:
        model = Note
        fields = ('illness', 'patient', 'doctor', 'description')

addnotes.html

   <form method="post" class="fum"> {%csrf_token%}{{form.illness}}{{form.patient}}{{form.doctor}}{{form.description}}
            <li class="btnn "><button type="submit " class="conf ">Confirm</button></li>
        </form>

profile.html

     <ul class="main-menu">
            <li>
                <a href="#"><img class="nav-items" src="{% static 'images/home.svg'%}" alt=""><span>Home</span></a>
            </li>
            <li>
                <a href="#"><img class="nav-items" src="{% static 'images/male.svg'%}" alt=""><span>Patients</span></a>
            </li>
            <li>
                <a href="#"><img class="nav-items" src="{% static 'images/doctor.svg'%}" alt=""><span>Add notes</span> </a>
            </li>
            <li>
                <a href="#"><img class="nav-items" src="{% static 'images/lab.svg'%}" alt=""><span>Edit profile</span>
                </a>
            </li>
        </ul>
    </div>

Answer 1

不清楚表单是否应该首先包含patient 的字段。如果 URL 是为特定患者构建的。

您应该以某种方式添加此值。例如在路径中：

urlpatterns = [
    # …
    path('addnotes/<int:pk>', addnotes, name='addnote'),
]

接下来，我们可以决定在表单中预填此字段，或者直接省略该字段。

选项 1：省略 patient 字段

所以在这种情况下，这意味着ModelForm 看起来像：

class PatientNotesForm(ModelForm):
    # …
    
    class Meta:
        model = Note
        #                 no patient ↓
        fields = ('illness', 'doctor', 'description')

在这种情况下，您可以指定

from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404

def addnotes(request, id):
    profile = get_object_or_404(Profile.objects.get, user_id=id)
    if request.method == 'POST':    
        form = PatientNotesForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.instance.patient = profile
            form.save()
            return redirect(f'/dashboard/profile/{user.profile.slug}/{user.pk}')
    else:
        form = PatientNotesForm()
        form.instance.patient = profile
    return render(request, 'core/addnotes.html', {'form': form})

选项 2：在表格中预填

另一种方法是仍然允许在表单中修改它，但指定intial=… parameter [Django-doc]。在这种情况下，PatientNotesForm 保持不变，但我们传递了一个初始值。

def addnotes(request, id):
    if request.method == 'POST':    
        form = PatientNotesForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            return redirect(f'/dashboard/profile/{user.profile.slug}/{user.pk}')
    else:
        form = PatientNotesForm(initial={'patient': id})
    return render(request, 'core/addnotes.html', {'form': form})