具有不同类型问题的 Django 测验应用程序

Question

我正在构建 Django 测验应用程序，它将包含 3 种类型答案的问题：

1. 单选答案；
2. 多选答案；
3. 文字回答；

我不确定我应该如何为这种模式设计 django 模型。

目前我的模型如下所示：

class Question(CoreModel, models.Model):
    TYPES = (
        (1, 'radio'),
        (2, 'checkbox'),
        (3, 'text'),
    )
    type = models.CharField(max_length=8, choices=TYPES, default='radio')
    text = models.CharField(max_length=2048, null=False, blank=False)

class Choice(CoreModel, models.Model):
    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
    text = models.CharField(max_length=2048, null=False, blank=False)
    correct = models.BooleanField(default=False)

class Answer(CoreModel, models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
    choice = models.ForeignKey(Choice, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
    text = models.CharField(max_length=2048, null=False, blank=False)
    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

但它似乎无法按预期工作。 我真的不喜欢在我的 Answer 模型中同时使用“选择”和“文本”字段，但这就是我能想到的。

有什么想法或建议吗？也许我需要更多其他模型来进一步逻辑？

Answer 1

感谢您的回答，所以这是我的解决方案：

TYPES = (
    (1, 'One answer'),
    (2, 'Multiple answer'),
    (3, 'Text answer'),
)


class Quiz(CoreModel, models.Model):
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = 'Quiz'
        verbose_name_plural = 'Quizzes'
        ordering = ('id',)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title


class Question(models.Model):
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = 'Question'
        verbose_name_plural = 'Questions'
        ordering = ('id',)

    title = models.CharField('Title (must be unique)', max_length=256, blank=False, null=False, unique=True)
    active = models.BooleanField('Is active?', default=True, db_index=True)
    type = models.IntegerField(choices=TYPES, default=1, verbose_name='Question type')
    text = models.CharField(max_length=2048, null=False, blank=False, verbose_name='Question text')
    from_quiz = models.ForeignKey(Quiz, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, verbose_name='Quiz', null=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title


class Choice(CoreModel, models.Model):
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = 'Answer choice'
        verbose_name_plural = 'Answer choices'
        ordering = ('id',)
    from_question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name='Question')
    text = models.CharField(max_length=2048, null=False, blank=False, verbose_name='Question text')
    correct = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name='Is it right choice?')

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title


class Answer(CoreModel, models.Model):
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = 'Answer'
        verbose_name_plural = 'Answers'
        ordering = ('id',)
    user_ip = models.CharField(max_length=2048, verbose_name='ip')
    user = models.ForeignKey(Account, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name='User', null=True)
    answered_question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name='Question')
    answer_choice = models.ForeignKey(Choice, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name='Chosen option', null=True)
    answer_text = models.CharField(max_length=2048, null=True, verbose_name='Text answer')
    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='Answer time')

    def clean(self):
        super().clean()
        if self.answer_choice is None and self.answer_text is None:
            raise ValidationError('Field 'answer_choice' and 'answer_text' are empty! '
                                  'Must be filled at least one of')

    def __str__(self):
        return f'{self.answered_question} - {self.answer_choice or ""}{self.answer_text or ""}'

答案模型包含 2 个答案字段：对选择和文本答案的 FK 以及检查是否至少填写了一个答案类型字段的清理方法。

Answer 2

我会围绕以下几行做一些事情：

class Quiz(CoreModel, models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=2048, null=False, blank=False)

class Question(CoreModel, models.Model):
    TYPES = (
        (1, 'radio'),
        (2, 'checkbox'),
        (3, 'text'),
    )
    quiz = models.ForeignKey(Quiz)
    type = models.CharField(max_length=8, choices=TYPES, default='radio')
    prompt = models.CharField(max_length=2048, null=False, blank=False)
    correct_free_text = models.CharField(max_length=2048, null=True, blank=True)
    rank = models.SmallIntegerField(default=0)

class Choice(CoreModel, models.Model):
    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
    text = models.CharField(max_length=2048, null=False, blank=False)
    correct = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    rank = models.SmallIntegerField(default=0)

class Answer(CoreModel, models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
    choice = models.ForeignKey(Choice, null=True, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
    free_text = models.CharField(max_length=2048, null=True, blank=True)
    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

我会尽量将“可重用性”保持在最低限度。我的意思是不要尝试在多个Quizes 中重复使用Choice 或Question，它们是否包含相同的信息并不重要，让它们不同。希望这会有所帮助，如果您有任何其他问题，请告诉我。

Answer 3

答案应该可以有很多选择，在您当前的架构中Answer 有choice 外键，即它指向一个选择。相反，我会在 Answers 上创建 choices 字段，该字段属于文本类型，并且应该包含以逗号分隔的选项 ID。

您需要在创建答案时执行验证：如果问题是文本类型，则不应有选择，如果是单选则应为单个 ID，如果是多个则应有 1+ 个 ID。