在Django中的整个表（所有字段，所有列，所有行）中查找一个字符串

Question

我的 Django 应用程序中有一个模块（表），有 24 个字段（列），我想在其中搜索一个字符串。我想查看一个列表，告诉我哪一行的字段中有这个字符串。

请看一下这个例子：

+-----+------+------+---------+------------+------------+------------+-----+-------------+
| id  | name | year | country | attribute1 | attribute2 | attribute3 | ... | attribute20 | 
+-----+------+------+---------+------------+------------+------------+-----+-------------+
| 1   | Tie  | 1993 | USA     | Bond       | Busy       | Busy       | ... | Free        |
+-----+------+------+---------+------------+------------+------------+-----+-------------+
| 2   | Ness | 1980 | Germany | Free       | Busy       | Both       | ... | Busy        |
+-----+------+------+---------+------------+------------+------------+-----+-------------+
| 3   | Both | 1992 | Sweden  | Free       | Free       | Free       | ... | Busy        |
+-----+------+------+---------+------------+------------+------------+-----+-------------+
| ... | ...  | ...  | ...     | ...        | ...        | ...        | ... | ...         |
+-----+------+------+---------+------------+------------+------------+-----+-------------+
| 24  | Lex  | 2001 | Russia  | Busy       | Free       | Free       | ... | Both        |
+-----+------+------+---------+------------+------------+------------+-----+-------------+

我希望得到的（通过使用过滤器等）是这样的：（当我根据整个表和所有记录中的单词“Both”过滤记录时。每行包含“两者”都在下面的结果中）

+----+------+------+---------+------------+------------+------------+-----+-------------+
| id | name | year | country | attribute1 | attribute2 | attribute3 | ... | attribute20 |
+----+------+------+---------+------------+------------+------------+-----+-------------+
| 1  | Ness | 1980 | Germany | Free       | Busy       | Both       | ... | Busy        |
+----+------+------+---------+------------+------------+------------+-----+-------------+
| 2  | Both | 1992 | Sweden  | Free       | Free       | Free       | ... | Busy        |
+----+------+------+---------+------------+------------+------------+-----+-------------+
| 3  | Lex  | 2001 | Russia  | Busy       | Free       | Free       | ... | Both        |
+----+------+------+---------+------------+------------+------------+-----+-------------+

您可以看到字符串（“Both”）出现在不同列的不同行中。 （一个“Both”在“attribute3”列下，另一个“Both”在“Name”列下，最后一个“Both”在“attribute20”列下。

你如何在 Django 中通过查询集得到这个结果？

谢谢

Answer 1

假设您已将上表建模为名为 Person 的 Django 模型

from django.db.models import Q

query_text = "your search string"
Person.objects.filter(
    Q(name__contains=query_text) |
    Q(year__contains=query_text) |
    Q(attribute1__contains=query_text)
and so on for all your attributes
)

以上代码将进行区分大小写的搜索。如果您希望它是不区分大小写的搜索，请在上面的代码中使用 name__icontains 而不是 name__contains。

正如@rchurch4 在评论中所建议的那样，并基于此so answer，以下是如何用更少的代码行搜索整个表格：

from functools import reduce
from operators import or_
all_fields = Person._meta.get_fields()
search_fields = [i.name for i in all_fields]
q = reduce(or_, [Q(**{'{}__contains'.format(f): search_text}) for f in search_fields], Q())
Person.objects.filter(q)