如何在 Django 的序列化程序中使用外键字段？

Question

我有两个模型用户和公司：-

class User(AbstractUser):
    id = models.UUIDField(
        primary_key=True, default=uuid.uuid4, editable=False
    )

    objects = UserManager()

和

class CompanyModel(basemodel.BaseModel):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=False, blank=False)
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, default='', related_name='owner')
    ...

现在只创建用户时，我想询问公司名称并只创建当时的公司

这是我的序列化器：

class CreateUserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    email = serializers.EmailField()
    company = serializers.RelatedField(queryset=CompanyModel.objects.all())
    password = serializers.CharField(write_only=True, )

    def validate_email(self, email):
        if FederatedIdentityModel.objects.filter(email__iexact=email).exists():
            raise APIException(
                detail="Email id already exists!",
                code=status.HTTP_409_CONFLICT
            )
        return email.lower()

    def validate_company(self, company):
        if CompanyModel.objects.filter(name__iexact=company).exists():
            raise APIException(
                detail="Company already exists!",
                code=status.HTTP_409_CONFLICT
            )
        return company.lower()

    def create(self, validated_data):
        try:
            with transaction.atomic():
                user = User.objects.create(**validated_data)

                user_profile = UserProfileModel.objects.create(user=user)
                user_profile.__dict__.update(**validated_data)
                user_profile.save()

                company_profile = CompanyModel.objects.create(user=user, name=self.company)
                company_profile.__dict__.update(**validated_data)
                company_profile.save()

                return user
        except APIException:
            raise APIException(
                detail="Failed to register",
                code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR
            )

    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ['first_name', 'last_name', 'password', 'username', 'email', 'company']

但在服务器上，公司字段显示为下拉字段。 如何编写公司字段以同时创建用户和公司

Answer 1

您可以简单地将@property 添加到模型并将序列化程序链接到模型字段而不是模型字段。

PS 避免模型和属性的名称重复。

PPS 您可以将源参数添加到序列化程序。

您可以为公司制作一个单独的序列化程序并将其链接到另一个序列化程序中，例如：

class TrackSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Track
        fields = ['order', 'title', 'duration']

class AlbumSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
     tracks = TrackSerializer(many=True, read_only=True)

    class Meta:
        model = Album
        fields = ['album_name', 'artist', 'tracks']

取自https://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/relations/