Django：迁移时遇到 OperationalError

Question

我在 ubuntu 服务器上部署我的代码时遇到了这个错误。我在本地（macOS Mojave）测试了迁移，没有出错。

我试图删除除__intit__.py 之外的所有迁移文件，但 Django 给出了同样的错误。

错误回溯（home 是我的应用程序的名称）：

Applying home.0001_initial...Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 82, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql)
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 381, in execute
    return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query)
sqlite3.OperationalError: no such column: REFERRING.S

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 21, in <module>
    main()
  File "manage.py", line 17, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 375, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 323, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 364, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 83, in wrapped
    res = handle_func(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 234, in handle
    fake_initial=fake_initial,
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 117, in migrate
    state = self._migrate_all_forwards(state, plan, full_plan, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 147, in _migrate_all_forwards
    state = self.apply_migration(state, migration, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 247, in apply_migration
    migration_recorded = True
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/schema.py", line 34, in __exit__
    self.connection.check_constraints()
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 341, in check_constraints
    column_name, referenced_column_name,
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 67, in execute
    return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 76, in _execute_with_wrappers
    return executor(sql, params, many, context)
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 84, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 89, in __exit__
    raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 82, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql)
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 381, in execute
    return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query)
django.db.utils.OperationalError: no such column: REFERRING.S

我的模型中没有明确的名为 REFERRING.S 的列，所以我根本不知道这里发生了什么。

编辑：

最后，我设法做了一个最小的案例来重现这个错误。看来这个错误是由于某种方式类似于数据库注入......

这是重现此错误的最小情况。

from django.db import models


class Customer(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255, unique=True)


class Order(models.Model):
    orderNum = models.CharField(max_length=14, unique=True) 
    customer_idx = models.ForeignKey(Customer, on_delete=models.CASCADE, default=1)  

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'xxx(S)'

我有一个模型 Customer 和一个模型 Order，其 db_table 名为“xxx(S)”。也许“（S）”会触发一些奇怪的行为。我是 SQL 和 django 的新手。有人可以帮我解释一下吗？

我正在使用 django 3.0.3（和 2.2.5 也失败了）和 ubuntu 16.04。而且这段代码似乎在 MacOS 上运行良好。

编辑 2：

迁移脚本：0001_initial.py

# Generated by Django 3.0.3 on 2020-02-21 16:49

from django.db import migrations, models
import django.db.models.deletion


class Migration(migrations.Migration):

    initial = True

    dependencies = [
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.CreateModel(
            name='Customer',
            fields=[
                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
                ('name', models.CharField(max_length=255, unique=True)),
            ],
        ),
        migrations.CreateModel(
            name='Order',
            fields=[
                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
                ('orderNum', models.CharField(max_length=255, unique=True)),
                ('customer_idx', models.ForeignKey(default=1, on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to='home.Customer')),
            ],
            options={
                'db_table': 'xxx(S)',
            },
        ),
    ]

Answer 1

您将模型 Order 引用到数据表 xxx(S)。由于模型Order 与Customer 模型有关系，所以Customer 模型也应该在同一个数据库xxx(S) 中。

为客户创建元类并引用相同的数据库。

class Meta:
    db_table = 'xxx(S)'

Answer 2

我终于明白了。 sql中的括号表示列选择，因此表名“xxx(S)”被解释为选择表“xxx”的列“S”。所以只需更改表名即可解决问题。