在 Django 中添加电子邮件通知

Question

我正在尝试一个时间表项目。我正在使用 Django 休息框架并使用 Postgres 作为我的数据库。我的客户要求我这样做（如果用户已经存在于数据库中或新用户正在创建他们的帐户，则在 rest API 中提交 post 选项时应触发电子邮件）。

models.py

from django.http import  HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect, response
from django.db import models
from django.db.models.deletion import CASCADE
from django.utils import timezone
from django.dispatch import  receiver
from django.db.models.signals import post_save
from django.conf import settings
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.db.models import signals
import datetime

from django.core.mail import EmailMessage 




    

class User(models.Model):
    
    CHOICES= (
    ('manager','Manager'),
      ('hr', 'HR'),
     ('hr manager','HR Manager'),
     ('trainee','Trainee')
)

    firstname = models.CharField(max_length=210)
    lastname = models.CharField(max_length=210)
    dob=models.DateField(max_length=8) 
    email=models.EmailField(max_length=254,default=None) 
    password=models.CharField(max_length=100,default=None)
    joiningDate=models.DateTimeField(max_length=8)
    userrole=models.CharField(max_length=20,choices=CHOICES,null=True)
    

def __str__(self):
    return self.firstname 


class Project(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    description=models.TextField()
    type=models.TextField()
    startDate = models.DateTimeField(max_length=10)
    endDate=models.DateTimeField(max_length=10)
    user=models.ManyToManyField(User)
    
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    
class Timesheet(models.Model):
    project=models.ManyToManyField(Project)
    Submitted_by=models.ForeignKey(default=None,related_name="SubmittedBy",to='User',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    status=models.CharField(max_length=200)
    ApprovedBy=models.ForeignKey(default=None,related_name="ApprovedBy",to='User',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    Date=models.DateField()
    Hours=models.TimeField(null=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.id
    
    
class Client(models.Model):
    clientname=models.CharField(max_length=20)
    comapny=models.CharField(max_length=200)
    location=models.CharField(max_length=200)
    email=models.EmailField(max_length=25,default=None)
    
    
    def __str__(self):
        return self.clientname 

serializers.py

from django.db.models import fields
from rest_framework import serializers
from.models import User,Project,Timesheet,Client    



class UserSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    
    class Meta:
        model= User
        fields ='__all__'
       
        password = serializers.CharField(max_length=128, write_only=True, required=True)
        
        
class ProjectSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    
    class Meta:
        model= Project
        fields= '__all__'
        
        

class TimesheetSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    
    class Meta:
        model= Timesheet
        fields= '__all__'
        
        
class ClientSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    
    class Meta:
        model=Client
        fields=  '__all__'

viewset.py

from rest_framework import viewsets
from rest_framework import permissions
from.import models
from.import serializers


class UserViewset(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    permission_classes=(permissions.IsAuthenticated,)
    queryset=models.User.objects.all()
    serializer_class=serializers.UserSerializers
    

class ProjectViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    permission_classes=(permissions.IsAuthenticated,)
    queryset=models.Project.objects.all()
    serializer_class=serializers.ProjectSerializers
    
class TimesheetViewset(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    permission_classes=(permissions.IsAuthenticated,)
    queryset=models.Timesheet.objects.all()
    serializer_class=serializers.TimesheetSerializers
    
class ClientViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    permission_classes=(permissions.IsAuthenticated,)
    queryset=models.Client.objects.all()
    serializer_class=serializers.ClientSerializers

router.py

from App.viewsets import ClientViewSet, UserViewset,ProjectViewSet,TimesheetViewset
from rest_framework import routers

router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register('User',UserViewset)
router.register('Project',ProjectViewSet)
router.register('Timesheet',TimesheetViewset)
router.register('Client',ClientViewSet)

我是 Django 新手。

Answer 1

这确实是一个重要的问题。几天前我刚做了这样的工作。 我正在根据我的工作添加。

在您的 serializers.py 中，您可以这样做。

from django.core.mail import send_mail

class TimesheetSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):

class Meta:
    model= Timesheet
    fields= '__all__'
def create(self, validated_data):
    timesheet = Timesheet.objects.create(**validated_data)
    send_mail(
        'Timesheet {} has been created'.format(timesheet.pk),
        'A new timesheet has been created . DATA: {}'.format(
        validated_data), #mail_body
        'noreply@email.com', #from_email
        ['user@email.com'], #to_email
        fail_silently=False,
    )

你需要在settings.py中设置邮件发送方式

#settings.py
#for sending testing emails you can use mailtrap.io as well that is almost same as smtp server
#for smtp
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'
EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.gmail.com'
EMAIL_HOST_USER = 'user'
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = '****'
EMAIL_PORT = 587
EMAIL_USE_TLS = True

#for sending emails to terminal
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.console.EmailBackend'

您可以使用 celery 异步发送电子邮件。

但首先，您应该这样做来检查。 Here is the official documentation 用于发送电子邮件。 真的很棒。

正如我上面提到的关于邮件陷阱，这里是链接mailtrap

您可以按照本教程设置电子邮件here is the link

不过，如果您有任何困惑，请告诉我。 非常感谢。

Answer 2

解决方案与Anny 建议的here 相同

解决方案是：

from django.core.mail import send_mail

class TimesheetSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):

class Meta:
    model= Timesheet
    fields= '__all__'
def create(self, validated_data):
    timesheet = Timesheet.objects.create(**validated_data)
    send_mail(
        'Timesheet {} has been created'.format(timesheet.pk),
        'A new timesheet has been created . DATA: {}'.format(
        validated_data), #mail_body
        'noreply@email.com', #from_email
        ['user@email.com'], #to_email
        fail_silently=False,
    )

该解决方案的唯一问题是，它会增加加载时间。 或者，您可以使用线程并将电子邮件发送过程转移到不同的线程

你可以通过创建一个名为utils.py的新文件来做到这一点：

import threading
from django.core import mail

class EmailThread(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, subject, plain_message, from_email, to_email, html_message):
        self.subject = subject
        self.plain_message = plain_message
        self.from_email = from_email
        self.to_email = to_email
        self.html_message = html_message
        super(EmailThread, self).__init__()

    def run(self):
        mail_send = mail.send_mail(self.subject, self.plain_message, self.from_email, [self.to_email], html_message=self.html_message)
        print('mail send successfully ', mail_send)

在你的serializer.py:

from .utlis.py import *

class UserSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    
    def create(self, validate_data):
        subject = <subject_here>
        plan_message = <plain_message_in_string>
        from_email = <from_mail>
        to_email = <email_you_want_to_send_to>
        html_message = <if you want to include any html template for mail>
        EmailThread(subject, plain_message, from_email, to_email, html_message).start()
        return User.objects.create(**validated_data)
    
    
    class Meta:
        model= User
        fields ='__all__'
       
        password = serializers.CharField(max_length=128, write_only=True, required=True)
    

并在您的 settings.py 中添加以下内容：

# EMAIL CONFIGURATION
EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.gmail.com'
EMAIL_USE_TLS = True
EMAIL_PORT = 587
EMAIL_HOST_USER = '<email_user_here>'
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = '<password_here>'
DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL = EMAIL_HOST_USER