为什么我不能在 Python shell 中导入我的模型？

Question

我什至不知道这是什么。当我runserver 时工作正常。但是尝试在 Python Shell 中导入时出现错误。

我的应用名为auctions，我的models.py（使用AbstractUser）文件为：

from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
from django.db import models


class User(AbstractUser):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=64, blank=True)
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to="portraits", blank=True, default="default.jpg")

    def __str__(self):
        return f"{self.username}"


class Category(models.Model):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    description = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return f"{self.name}"


class Item(models.Model):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    owner = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="inventory")
    name = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    description = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    image = models.ImageField(blank=True, default="Megamind.jpg")
    starting_bid = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0)
    category = models.ForeignKey(Category, on_delete=models.CASCADE, default="1", related_name="stuff")
    active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    favorited = models.ManyToManyField(User, blank=True, related_name="favorites")

    def __str__(self):
        return f"{self.name} of {self.owner}"

Answer 1

使用python manage.py shell。通过这种方式，它会自动导入对 django 相关模块导入很重要的设置。