【发布时间】:2016-11-22 20:01:02
【问题描述】:
我目前在使用 twisted python 库访问通过 https 托管的内容时遇到了一些问题。我是这个库的新手,我假设我遗漏了一些导致问题的概念,但可能不是基于示例。
这是我收集示例的页面的链接: https://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/web/howto/client.html
在 HTTP over SSL 标题下
from twisted.python.log import err
from twisted.web.client import Agent
from twisted.internet import reactor
from twisted.internet.ssl import optionsForClientTLS
def display(response):
print("Received response")
print(response)
def main():
contextFactory = optionsForClientTLS(u"https://example.com/")
agent = Agent(reactor, contextFactory)
d = agent.request("GET", "https://example.com/")
d.addCallbacks(display, err)
d.addCallback(lambda ignored: reactor.stop())
reactor.run()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
运行此代码时,它直接失败。我收到如下所示的错误:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "https.py", line 19, in <module>
main()
File "https.py", line 11, in main
contextFactory = optionsForClientTLS(u"https://example.com/")
File "/home/amaricich/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/twisted/internet/_sslverify.py", line 1336, in optionsForClientTLS
return ClientTLSOptions(hostname, certificateOptions.getContext())
File "/home/amaricich/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/twisted/internet/_sslverify.py", line 1198, in __init__
self._hostnameBytes = _idnaBytes(hostname)
File "/home/amaricich/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/twisted/internet/_sslverify.py", line 86, in _idnaBytes
return idna.encode(text)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/idna/core.py", line 355, in encode
result.append(alabel(label))
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/idna/core.py", line 276, in alabel
check_label(label)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/idna/core.py", line 253, in check_label
raise InvalidCodepoint('Codepoint {0} at position {1} of {2} not allowed'.format(_unot(cp_value), pos+1, repr(label)))
idna.core.InvalidCodepoint: Codepoint U+003A at position 6 of u'https://example' not allowed
这个错误让我相信传递给 optionsForClientTLS 的参数不正确。它需要一个主机名而不是一个完整的 url,所以我将参数缩短为简单的 example.com。进行更改后,该功能成功完成。
不幸的是,在进行更改后,脚本现在在调用 agent.request 的行处失败。它提供的错误是这样的:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "https.py", line 19, in <module>
main()
File "https.py", line 13, in main
d = agent.request("GET", "https://example.com/")
File "/home/amaricich/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/twisted/web/client.py", line 1596, in request
endpoint = self._getEndpoint(parsedURI)
File "/home/amaricich/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/twisted/web/client.py", line 1580, in _getEndpoint
return self._endpointFactory.endpointForURI(uri)
File "/home/amaricich/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/twisted/web/client.py", line 1456, in endpointForURI
uri.port)
File "/home/amaricich/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/twisted/web/client.py", line 982, in creatorForNetloc
context = self._webContextFactory.getContext(hostname, port)
AttributeError: 'ClientTLSOptions' object has no attribute 'getContext'
这个错误让我相信 optionsForClientTLS 生成的对象不是预期在创建时传递给代理的对象类型。试图调用一个不存在的函数。说了这么多,我有两个问题。
- 是否已弃用此示例?前面提出的 http 请求的例子都像一个魅力。是我做错了什么,还是示例不再有效?
- 我只是在寻找一种使用 HTTPS 从服务器检索数据的简单方法。如果以这种方式做事不是解决方案,是否有人熟悉如何使用 twisted 发出 HTTPS 请求?
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