Dockerizing Django 应用程序：ModuleNotFoundError：没有名为“X”的模块答案

【问题标题】：Dockerizing Django application: ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'X"Dockerizing Django 应用程序：ModuleNotFoundError：没有名为“X”的模块
【发布时间】：2019-05-26 10:03:38
【问题描述】：

我一直在尝试按照本指南对项目进行 Dockerize：

Deploy and Run Django in Dokcer Container

这是基本文件结构：

WFMBCM
|-WFMBCM
| |-__init__.py
| |-__pycache__
| |-setting.py
| |-url.py
| |-wsgi.py
|
|-WFMBCM_App
|-WFMBCM_db
|-manage.py
|-Dockerfile
|-requirements.txt
|-runWFMBCM.sh

Dockerfile：

FROM python:3.7
ADD WFMBCM /usr/src/app
ADD WFMBCM_App /usr/src/app
ADD WFMBCM_db /usr/src/app
ADD manage.py /usr/src/app
WORKDIR /usr/src/app
COPY requirements.txt ./
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
EXPOSE 8000
CMD exec gunicorn wfmbcm.wsgi:application --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 --workers 3

requirements.txt：

Django==2.2.1
gunicorn==19.9.0

运行WFMBCM.sh：

cd /home/admin/WFMBCM
echo -e "\033[0;34mGo to WFMBCM directory.\n \033[0;37m"
echo -e "\033[0;34mRemove old WFMBCM container\n \033[0;37m"
docker rm -v wfmbcm_container 
echo -e "\033[0;34m\nBuild WFMBCM Docker image.\n \033[0;37m"
sudo docker build -t wfmbcm .
echo -e "\033[0;34m\nRun WFMBCM Docker image.\n \033[0;37m"
sudo docker run --name wfmbcm_container -p 8000:8000 -i -t wfmbcm
echo -e "\033[0;34m\n\nWFMBCM run-script ended!.\n \033[0;37m"

当我运行 runWFMBCM.sh 时，我得到以下输出：

Go to WFMBCM directory.

Remove old WFMBCM container

Error response from daemon: No such container: wfmbcm_container

Build WFMBCM Docker image.

Sending build context to Docker daemon  265.2kB
Step 1/10 : FROM python:3.7
 ---> cc971a68c3e4
Step 2/10 : ADD WFMBCM /usr/src/app
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 302346d017e2
Step 3/10 : ADD WFMBCM_App /usr/src/app
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 18bc8eb69946
Step 4/10 : ADD WFMBCM_db /usr/src/app
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 0835393b22dc
Step 5/10 : ADD manage.py /usr/src/app
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 3ef5477e4b26
Step 6/10 : WORKDIR /usr/src/app
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 2edb019a8257
Step 7/10 : COPY requirements.txt ./
 ---> Using cache
 ---> df3ac922b7a0
Step 8/10 : RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
 ---> Using cache
 ---> ba6cf54e7dcc
Step 9/10 : EXPOSE 8000
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 94f3f4fb38c0
Step 10/10 : CMD exec gunicorn wfmbcm.wsgi:application --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 --workers 3
 ---> Using cache
 ---> db6cf2149949
Successfully built db6cf2149949
Successfully tagged wfmbcm:latest

Run WFMBCM Docker image.

[2019-05-26 09:59:36 +0000] [1] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 19.9.0
[2019-05-26 09:59:36 +0000] [1] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:8000 (1)
[2019-05-26 09:59:36 +0000] [1] [INFO] Using worker: sync
[2019-05-26 09:59:36 +0000] [9] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 9
[2019-05-26 09:59:36 +0000] [10] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 10
[2019-05-26 09:59:36 +0000] [9] [ERROR] Exception in worker process
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 583, in spawn_worker
    worker.init_process()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 129, in init_process
    self.load_wsgi()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 138, in load_wsgi
    self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
    self.callable = self.load()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 52, in load
    return self.load_wsgiapp()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 41, in load_wsgiapp
    return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 350, in import_app
    __import__(module)
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'wfmbcm'
[2019-05-26 09:59:36 +0000] [9] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 9)
[2019-05-26 09:59:36 +0000] [11] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 11
[2019-05-26 09:59:36 +0000] [10] [ERROR] Exception in worker process
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 583, in spawn_worker
    worker.init_process()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 129, in init_process
    self.load_wsgi()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 138, in load_wsgi
    self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
    self.callable = self.load()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 52, in load
    return self.load_wsgiapp()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 41, in load_wsgiapp
    return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 350, in import_app
    __import__(module)
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'wfmbcm'
[2019-05-26 09:59:36 +0000] [10] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 10)
[2019-05-26 09:59:36 +0000] [11] [ERROR] Exception in worker process
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 583, in spawn_worker
    worker.init_process()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 129, in init_process
    self.load_wsgi()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 138, in load_wsgi
    self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
    self.callable = self.load()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 52, in load
    return self.load_wsgiapp()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 41, in load_wsgiapp
    return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 350, in import_app
    __import__(module)
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'wfmbcm'
[2019-05-26 09:59:36 +0000] [11] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 11)
[2019-05-26 09:59:37 +0000] [1] [INFO] Shutting down: Master
[2019-05-26 09:59:37 +0000] [1] [INFO] Reason: Worker failed to boot.


WFMBCM run-script ended!.

为什么找不到 wfmbcm 模块？我一直在疯狂地盯着谷歌搜索但没有成功，并查看了不同的堆栈溢出问题。

【问题讨论】：

WFMBCM != wfmbcm。请考虑遵循命名约定 python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/#package-and-module-names ，不要混合命名风格。保持模块和文件夹名称小写。此外，您最好使用.dockerignore 排除文件和文件夹，而不是列出允许复制到图像中的文件夹。如果可能的话，一口气复制。

标签： django docker gunicorn

【解决方案1】：

我找不到任何名为 wfmbcm 的 python 模块，所以我假设它是您项目中的一个应用程序。

如果您使用的是区分大小写的文件系统，那么您的文件布局会显示某些文件夹的全部大写，这可能是（部分）问题。

这个项目是否在 docker 之外运行？

如果是这样，那么我认为最好的办法是启动 docker 容器，然后在容器中手动安装整个应用程序，并按照您的步骤更新 dockerfile。

每次测试新更改时，请确保使用 --no-cache 选项进行构建，否则您可能不会测试您认为的内容。

【讨论】：

刚刚注意到：“gunicorn wfmbcm.wsgi:application --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 --workers 3”
这几乎肯定是路径或大小写敏感问题。
您也可以尝试将 ADD 命令切换为 COPY 命令
感谢终于找到了。这是路径和区分大小写。 :-)

【解决方案2】：

将我的 DockerFile 更改为此解决了我的问题：

FROM python:3.7
ADD WFMBCM /usr/src/app/WFMBCM
ADD WFMBCM_App /usr/src/app/WFMBCM_App
ADD WFMBCM_db /usr/src/app/WFMBCM_db
ADD manage.py /usr/src/app
WORKDIR /usr/src/app
COPY requirements.txt ./
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
EXPOSE 8000
CMD manage.py migrate
CMD exec gunicorn WFMBCM.wsgi:application --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 --workers 10

【讨论】：

一个Dockerfile中只能有一个CMD指令docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/#cmd

【解决方案3】：

只需将WFMBCM/WFMBCM/wsgi.py文件复制到项目根目录即可（所以wsgi.py路径为WFMBCM/wsgi.py）

并将CMD exec ... 更改为CMD exec gunicorn wsgi:application --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 --workers 3

你会没事的。

【讨论】：