如何在 django 中获取字段名称而不是外国 id答案

【问题标题】：How to get field name instead of foreign id in django如何在 django 中获取字段名称而不是外国 id
【发布时间】：2020-07-28 08:31:04
【问题描述】：

在我的 django 应用程序中，我有四个使用外键链接的模型表，问题是，当我查询任何模型表时，通过外键链接的字段作为 id 而不是名称返回。

我的方法行不通。

我的 customers models.py 文件

第一个模型

class Customer(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=20, unique=True)
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=255, unique=True, blank=True)
    image = models.ImageField(default='default.png', upload_to='customer_photos/%Y/%m/%d/')
    data_added = models.DateField(default=datetime.now, blank=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

第二个模型

class ShippingAddress(models.Model):
    customer = models.ForeignKey(Customer, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="customer_ship_address")
    description = models.TextField(blank=True)   
    frequent_customer = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    address = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True)
    zip_code = models.CharField(max_length=12, blank=True)
    location = models.CharField(max_length=255)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.customer.name

第三种模型 - PaymentInvoice

class paymentInvoice(models.Model):

    shipping_address_owner = models.ForeignKey(
        ShippingAddress, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="customer_invoice")
    product = models.ManyToManyField(
        Product, related_name='product_invoice')
    mode = models.CharField(max_length=20, choices=paymentMode.choices, default=paymentMode.MPESA)
    date = models.DateField(default=datetime.now)
    invoice_id = models.CharField(
        max_length=50, unique=True, default=increment_invoice_number)
    quantity = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField()
    status = models.CharField(
        max_length=20, choices=paymentStatus.choices, default=paymentStatus.PENDING)
    payment_made = models.DecimalField(max_digits=20, decimal_places=2)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.shipping_address_owner.customer.name

我的产品 models.py 文件

class Product(models.Model):
    slug = models.CharField(max_length=200, unique=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    available = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    description = models.TextField(blank=True)
    image = models.ImageField(default='default_product.jpg', upload_to='product_photos')
    category = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    qty_amount = models.CharField(
        max_length=20, choices=Qty_Choices, default='250ml')
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

我的 PaymentInvoice views.py 文件

class paymentInvoiceListCreateView(ListCreateAPIView):
    """
    ListCreateAPIView executes both 'GET' and 'POST' requests. i.e listing a queryset or creating a model instance.
    """
    serializer_class = paymentInvoiceSerializer
    queryset = paymentInvoice.objects.all().order_by(
        '-date').values(shipping_address_owner__customer)

当我进行上述查询时，api 返回以下内容，其中 product 字段和 shipping_address_owner 字段只是 id。我需要相应的名称。

{
    "count": 6,
    "next": null,
    "previous": null,
    "results": [
        {
            "id": 9,
            "mode": "Mpesa",
            "date": "2020-07-27",
            "invoice_id": "INV-0006",
            "quantity": 1,
            "status": "Pending",
            "payment_made": "500.00",
            "shipping_address_owner": 9,
            "product": [
                1
            ]
        },

编辑：paymentInvoiceSerializer

class paymentInvoiceSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = paymentInvoice
        fields = '__all__'

【问题讨论】：

为此，您需要修改您的paymentInvoiceSerializer 为产品和 shipping_address_owner 添加 serializers.MethodField，该字段接受 id 并返回名称
我已添加 paymentInvoiceSerializer 善意建议

标签： python django django-models django-rest-framework django-views

【解决方案1】：

您需要对序列化程序进行一些更改。

如果您只需要名称，仅此而已：

class paymentInvoiceSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    product = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    shipping_address_owner = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    class Meta:
        model = paymentInvoice
        fields = '__all__'
    
    def get_product(self, instance):
        names = []
        for product in instance.product.all():
            names.append(product.name)
        return names
    
    def get_shipping_address_owner(self, instance):
        return instance.shipping_address_owner.customer.name

您还可以为每个模型创建不同的序列化程序，并将它们传递给它们的字段以获取它们的完整序列化数据。应该是这样的：

ProductSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Product
        fields = '__all__'

然后在您的付款序列化程序中：

class paymentInvoiceSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    product = ProductSerializer()

    class Meta:
        model = paymentInvoice
        fields = '__all__'

您可以对shipping_address_owner 执行相同的操作。

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

你可以在你的序列化器中这样尝试。

class paymentInvoiceSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    shipping_address_owner = serializers.CharField(source='shipping_address_owner.customer')
    class Meta:
        model = paymentInvoice
        fields = ['shipping_address_owner',...]

【讨论】：