Django 测试 - 夹具用户匹配查询不存在

Question

我正在尝试运行加载夹具的测试。其中一个模型具有GenericForeign 到ContentType 的键和auth.Users 的外键。它将用户与他们创建的内容相关联。我使用--natural 键（如下所示）创建了夹具，并且可以将外键解析为名称。

python manage.py dumpdata mtm --natural --indent=4

运行测试时出现以下错误：

DeserializationError: Problem installing fixture 'fix.json': User matching query does not  exist.

manage.py 转储的示例数据库对象：

{
"pk": 7, 
"model": "xx.vendor", 
"fields": {
    "phone_number": "777777777777777", 
    "alternative_phone_number": "", 
    "object_id": 1, 
    "contact_email": "", 
    "user": [
        "john"
    ], 
    "content_type": [
        "xx", 
        "axe"
    ], 
    "contact_person": "jimmy"
}
},

完整的追溯：

    Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/test/testcases.py", line 178, in __call__
    self._pre_setup()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/test/testcases.py", line 749, in _pre_setup
    self._fixture_setup()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/test/testcases.py", line 881, in _fixture_setup
    'skip_validation': True,
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 159, in call_command
    return klass.execute(*args, **defaults)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 285, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/commands/loaddata.py", line 55, in handle
    self.loaddata(fixture_labels)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/commands/loaddata.py", line 84, in loaddata
    self.load_label(fixture_label)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/management/commands/loaddata.py", line 134, in load_label
    for obj in objects:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/serializers/json.py", line 76, in Deserializer
    six.reraise(DeserializationError, DeserializationError(e), sys.exc_info()[2])
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/serializers/json.py", line 70, in Deserializer
    for obj in PythonDeserializer(objects, **options):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/core/serializers/python.py", line 124, in Deserializer
    obj = field.rel.to._default_manager.db_manager(db).get_by_natural_key(*field_value)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 167, in get_by_natural_key
    return self.get(**{self.model.USERNAME_FIELD: username})
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/models/manager.py", line 151, in get
    return self.get_queryset().get(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 307, in get
    self.model._meta.object_name)

编辑：

我已确认供应商模型引用的所有用户都存在于数据库中。

更新 1：

我的项目对 ContentType 使用 GenericForeign 键，对 auth.Users 使用外键。我使用 --natural 选项转储了数据，但这导致了上述问题。现在我删除了 --natural 选项，而是转储了所有 3 个应用程序 myApp、auth、contenttypes 的数据。当我运行测试时，我得到“无法加载 contenttypes.ContentType(pk=50): columns app_label, model are not unique”。我认为这是由于导入模型时动态创建的内容类型。有什么办法解决这个问题？

Answer 1

它们可能存在于“数据库”中。但是它们是否存在于您的测试数据库中？当你运行测试时，Django 会创建一个test database。所以你必须从你的数据库中转储用户并将它们作为固定装置加载。

固定装置是维护的噩梦。我建议你在测试时使用model mommy 或factory boy 之类的东西来创建你的fixture。我个人最喜欢model mommy API，但你的口味可能会有所不同。