了解使用 JavaScript 进行文本区域选择的情况

Question

我正在 textarea 中开发浏览器内编辑器。我已经开始寻找一些有关处理textarea 选择的信息，并发现this jQuery plugin, fieldSelection 可以进行一些简单的操作。

但是，它并没有解释发生了什么。

我想更多地了解 JavaScript 中的文本区域选择，最好是对前 DOM3 和后 DOM30 场景的描述。

Answer 1

function get_selection(the_id)
{
    var e = document.getElementById(the_id);

    //Mozilla and DOM 3.0
    if('selectionStart' in e)
    {
        var l = e.selectionEnd - e.selectionStart;
        return { start: e.selectionStart, end: e.selectionEnd, length: l, text: e.value.substr(e.selectionStart, l) };
    }
    //IE
    else if(document.selection)
    {
        e.focus();
        var r = document.selection.createRange();
        var tr = e.createTextRange();
        var tr2 = tr.duplicate();
        tr2.moveToBookmark(r.getBookmark());
        tr.setEndPoint('EndToStart',tr2);
        if (r == null || tr == null) return { start: e.value.length, end: e.value.length, length: 0, text: '' };
        var text_part = r.text.replace(/[\r\n]/g,'.'); //for some reason IE doesn't always count the \n and \r in the length
        var text_whole = e.value.replace(/[\r\n]/g,'.');
        var the_start = text_whole.indexOf(text_part,tr.text.length);
        return { start: the_start, end: the_start + text_part.length, length: text_part.length, text: r.text };
    }
    //Browser not supported
    else return { start: e.value.length, end: e.value.length, length: 0, text: '' };
}

function replace_selection(the_id,replace_str)
{
    var e = document.getElementById(the_id);
    selection = get_selection(the_id);
    var start_pos = selection.start;
    var end_pos = start_pos + replace_str.length;
    e.value = e.value.substr(0, start_pos) + replace_str + e.value.substr(selection.end, e.value.length);
    set_selection(the_id,start_pos,end_pos);
    return {start: start_pos, end: end_pos, length: replace_str.length, text: replace_str};
}

function set_selection(the_id,start_pos,end_pos)
{
    var e = document.getElementById(the_id);

    //Mozilla and DOM 3.0
    if('selectionStart' in e)
    {
        e.focus();
        e.selectionStart = start_pos;
        e.selectionEnd = end_pos;
    }
    //IE
    else if(document.selection)
    {
        e.focus();
        var tr = e.createTextRange();

        //Fix IE from counting the newline characters as two seperate characters
        var stop_it = start_pos;
        for (i=0; i < stop_it; i++) if( e.value[i].search(/[\r\n]/) != -1 ) start_pos = start_pos - .5;
        stop_it = end_pos;
        for (i=0; i < stop_it; i++) if( e.value[i].search(/[\r\n]/) != -1 ) end_pos = end_pos - .5;

        tr.moveEnd('textedit',-1);
        tr.moveStart('character',start_pos);
        tr.moveEnd('character',end_pos - start_pos);
        tr.select();
    }
    return get_selection(the_id);
}

function wrap_selection(the_id, left_str, right_str, sel_offset, sel_length)
{
    var the_sel_text = get_selection(the_id).text;
    var selection =  replace_selection(the_id, left_str + the_sel_text + right_str );
    if(sel_offset !== undefined && sel_length !== undefined) selection = set_selection(the_id, selection.start +  sel_offset, selection.start +  sel_offset + sel_length);
    else if(the_sel_text == '') selection = set_selection(the_id, selection.start + left_str.length, selection.start + left_str.length);
    return selection;
}

Answer 2

从 PPK 的 introduction to ranges 开始。 Mozilla 开发者连接在W3C selections 上有信息。微软有他们的系统documented on MSDN。更多技巧可以在in the answers here 找到。

除了不兼容的接口之外，您会很高兴知道textarea 节点还有额外的怪异之处。如果我没记错的话，当您在 IE 中选择它们时，它们的行为与任何其他节点一样，但在其他浏览器中，它们具有独立的选择范围，通过节点上的 .selectionEnd 和 .selectionStart 属性公开。

此外，您真的应该看看.contentEditable 作为实时编辑内容的一种方式。从 Firefox3 版本开始，现在所有浏览器都支持此功能。

Answer 3

我刚刚采用了user357565提出的方案，重新编码供jQuery直接使用：

(function ($) {
  $.fn.get_selection = function () {
    var e = this.get(0);
    //Mozilla and DOM 3.0
    if('selectionStart' in e) {
      var l = e.selectionEnd - e.selectionStart;
      return { start: e.selectionStart, end: e.selectionEnd, length: l, text: e.value.substr(e.selectionStart, l) };
    }
    else if(document.selection) {    //IE
      e.focus();
      var r = document.selection.createRange();
      var tr = e.createTextRange();
      var tr2 = tr.duplicate();
      tr2.moveToBookmark(r.getBookmark());
      tr.setEndPoint('EndToStart',tr2);
      if (r == null || tr == null) return { start: e.value.length, end: e.value.length, length: 0, text: '' };
      var text_part = r.text.replace(/[\r\n]/g,'.'); //for some reason IE doesn't always count the \n and \r in length
      var text_whole = e.value.replace(/[\r\n]/g,'.');
      var the_start = text_whole.indexOf(text_part,tr.text.length);
      return { start: the_start, end: the_start + text_part.length, length: text_part.length, text: r.text };
    }
    //Browser not supported
    else return { start: e.value.length, end: e.value.length, length: 0, text: '' };
  };

  $.fn.set_selection = function (start_pos,end_pos) {
    var e = this.get(0);
    //Mozilla and DOM 3.0
    if('selectionStart' in e) {
      e.focus();
      e.selectionStart = start_pos;
      e.selectionEnd = end_pos;
    }
    else if (document.selection) { //IE
      e.focus();
      var tr = e.createTextRange();

      //Fix IE from counting the newline characters as two seperate characters
      var stop_it = start_pos;
      for (i=0; i < stop_it; i++) if( e.value[i].search(/[\r\n]/) != -1 ) start_pos = start_pos - .5;
      stop_it = end_pos;
      for (i=0; i < stop_it; i++) if( e.value[i].search(/[\r\n]/) != -1 ) end_pos = end_pos - .5;

      tr.moveEnd('textedit',-1);
      tr.moveStart('character',start_pos);
      tr.moveEnd('character',end_pos - start_pos);
      tr.select();
    }
    return this.get_selection();
  };

  $.fn.replace_selection = function (replace_str) {
    var e = this.get(0);
    selection = this.get_selection();
    var start_pos = selection.start;
    var end_pos = start_pos + replace_str.length;
    e.value = e.value.substr(0, start_pos) + replace_str + e.value.substr(selection.end, e.value.length);
    this.set_selection(start_pos,end_pos);
    return {start: start_pos, end: end_pos, length: replace_str.length, text: replace_str};
  };

  $.fn.wrap_selection = function (left_str, right_str, sel_offset, sel_length) {
    var the_sel_text = this.get_selection().text;
    var selection =  this.replace_selection(left_str + the_sel_text + right_str );
    if(sel_offset !== undefined && sel_length !== undefined) 
      selection = this.set_selection(selection.start +  sel_offset, selection.start +  sel_offset + sel_length);
    else if(the_sel_text == '') 
      selection = this.set_selection(selection.start + left_str.length, selection.start + left_str.length);
    return selection;
  };
}(jQuery));

我希望有人觉得它有用！

Answer 4

我唯一可以补充的是，每当您操纵内容时，它似乎（没有实际尝试过）应该一直向上滚动。一个简单的补救方法是换行

e.value =

用两行来复制和恢复scrollTop，像这样：

var rememberScrollTop = e.scrollTop;
e.value = .... (same as in user357565 snippet)
e.scrollTop = rememberScrollTop;