强制 xpath 返回一个字符串 lxml

Question

我正在使用lxml，并且我有一个来自 Google Scholar 的废弃页面。以下是一个最小的工作示例和我尝试过的事情。

In [56]: seed = "https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=search_authors&hl=en&mauthors=label:machine_learning"

In [60]: page = urllib2.urlopen(seed).read()

In [63]: tree = html.fromstring(page)

In [64]: xpath = '(/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div[2]/div/span/button[2]/@onclick)[1]'

In [65]: tree.xpath(xpath)
#first element returns as list
Out[65]: ["window.location='/citations?view_op\\x3dsearch_authors\\x26hl\\x3den\\x26oe\\x3dASCII\\x26mauthors\\x3dlabel:machine_learning\\x26after_author\\x3dVCoCALPY_v8J\\x26astart\\x3d10'"]         

In [66]: xpath = '(/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div[2]/div/span/button[2]/@onclick)[2]'

#there is no second element
In [67]: tree.xpath(xpath)
Out[67]: []     

In [70]: xpath = '(/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div[2]/div/span/button[2]/@onclick)'

#The list contains only one element
In [71]: tree.xpath(xpath)
Out[71]: ["window.location='/citations?view_op\\x3dsearch_authors\\x26hl\\x3den\\x26oe\\x3dASCII\\x26mauthors\\x3dlabel:machine_learning\\x26after_author\\x3dVCoCALPY_v8J\\x26astart\\x3d10'"]         

根据文档here，返回值可以是智能字符串，但我无法从 xpath 函数获取字符串输出。如何编写 xpath 以便从 xpath 获得字符串输出

Answer 1

您可以使用 XPath 表达式 string(/html/body/div[1]/div[4]/div[2]/div/span/button[2]/@onclick)，在这种情况下您会得到一个简单的字符串值。