使用 bs4 查找具有文本的 html 标签 (h2)

Question

对于这部分html代码：

html3= """<a name="definition"> </a>
<h2><span class="sectioncount">3.342.2323</span> Content Logical Definition <a title="link to here" class="self-link" href="valueset-investigation"><img src="ta.png"/></a></h2>
<hr/>
<div><p from the following </p><ul><li>Include these codes as defined in http://snomed.info/sct<table><tr><td><b>Code</b></td><td><b>Display</b></td></tr><tr><td>34353553</td><td>Examination / signs</td><td/></tr><tr><td>35453453453</td><td>History/symptoms</td><td/></tr></table></li></ul></div>
<p> </p>"""

---

我将使用 beautifulsoup 来查找其文本等于“内容逻辑定义”的 h2 和下一个兄弟。但是beautifulsoup 找不到h2。以下是我的代码：

soup = BeautifulSoup(html3, "lxml")
f= soup.find("h2", text = "Content Logical Definition").nextsibilings

这是一个错误：

AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'nextsibilings'

文本中有几个“h2”，但唯一使这个 h2 独一无二的字符是“内容逻辑定义”。找到这个h2之后，我要从表中提取数据并在它下面列出。

Answer 1

主要问题是您定位 h2 元素以从中查找兄弟姐妹的方式。我会使用function 而不是检查Content Logical Definition 是否在文本内：

soup.find(lambda elm: elm.name == "h2" and "Content Logical Definition" in elm.text)

此外，要获得下一个兄弟姐妹，您应该使用 .next_siblings 而不是 nextsibilings。

演示：

>>> from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
>>> html3= """<a name="definition"> </a>
... <h2><span class="sectioncount">3.342.2323</span> Content Logical Definition <a title="link to here" class="self-link" href="valueset-investigation"><img src="ta.png"/></a></h2>
... <hr/>
... <div><p from the following </p><ul><li>Include these codes as defined in http://snomed.info/sct<table><tr><td><b>Code</b></td><td><b>Display</b></td></tr><tr><td>34353553</td><td>Examination / signs</td><td/></tr><tr><td>35453453453</td><td>History/symptoms</td><td/></tr></table></li></ul></div>
... <p> </p>"""
>>> soup = BeautifulSoup(html3, "lxml")
>>> h2 = soup.find(lambda elm: elm.name == "h2" and "Content Logical Definition" in elm.text)
>>> for sibling in h2.next_siblings:
...     print(sibling)
... 
<hr/>
<div><p following="" from="" the=""></p><ul><li>Include these codes as defined in http://snomed.info/sct<table><tr><td><b>Code</b></td><td><b>Display</b></td></tr><tr><td>34353553</td><td>Examination / signs</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>35453453453</td><td>History/symptoms</td><td></td></tr></table></li></ul></div>
<p> </p>

---

虽然，现在知道你正在处理的真正的 HTML 以及它有多混乱，我认为你应该迭代兄弟姐妹，在下一个 h2 或者如果你在此之前找到一个 table 时中断。实际实现：

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

urls = [
    'https://www.hl7.org/fhir/valueset-activity-reason.html',
    'https://www.hl7.org/fhir/valueset-age-units.html'
]

for url in urls:
    r = requests.get(url)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(r.content, 'lxml')

    h2 = soup.find(lambda elm: elm.name == "h2" and "Content Logical Definition" in elm.text)
    table = None
    for sibling in h2.find_next_siblings():
        if sibling.name == "table":
            table = sibling
            break
        if sibling.name == "h2":
            break
    print(table)