具有单引号和双引号以及缩写的 Python 解析文件

Question

我正在尝试解析一个文件，其中某些行可能包含单引号、双引号和缩写的组合。每个观察都包含一个字符串，如上所示。在尝试解析数据时，我在尝试解析评论时遇到了问题。例如：

\'text\' : \'This is the first time I've tried really "fancy food" at a...\' 

或

\'text\' : \'I' be happy to go back "next hollidy"\' 

Answer 1

使用简单的双重替换预处理您的字符串 - 首先转义所有引号，然后用引号替换所有转义的撇号 - 这将简单地反转转义，例如：

# we'll define it as an object to keep the validity
src = "{\\'text\\' : \\'This is the first time I've tried really \"fancy food\" at a...\\'}"
# The double escapes are just so we can type it properly in Python.
# It's still the same underneath:
# {\'text\' : \'This is the first time I've tried really "fancy food" at a...\'}

preprocessed = src.replace("\"", "\\\"").replace("\\'", "\"")
# Now it looks like:
# {"text" : "This is the first time I've tried really \"fancy food\" at a..."}

它现在是一个有效的 JSON（顺便说一下，还有一个 Python 字典），因此您可以继续解析它：

import json

parsed = json.loads(preprocessed)
# {'text': 'This is the first time I\'ve tried really "fancy food" at a...'}

或者：

import ast

parsed = ast.literal_eval(preprocessed)
# {'text': 'This is the first time I\'ve tried really "fancy food" at a...'}

更新：

根据发布的行，您实际上有一个 7 元素元组的（有效）表示，其中包含字典的字符串表示作为其第三个元素，您根本不需要预处理字符串。您需要首先评估元组，然后使用另一个评估级别对内部 dict 进行后处理，即：

import ast

# lets first read the data from a 'input.txt' file so we don't have to manually escape it
with open("input.txt", "r") as f:
    data = f.read()

data = ast.literal_eval(data)  # first evaluate the main structure
data = data[:2] + (ast.literal_eval(data[2]), ) + data[3:]  # .. and then the inner dict

# this gives you `data` containing your 'serialized' tuple, i.e.:
print(data[4])  # 31.328237,-85.811893
# and you can access the children of the inner dict as well, i.e.:
print(data[2]["types"])  # ['restaurant', 'food', 'point_of_interest', 'establishment']
print(data[2]["opening_hours"]["weekday_text"][3])  # Thursday: 7:00 AM – 9:00 PM
# etc.

话虽如此，我建议追踪生成此类数据的人，并说服他们使用某种适当形式的序列化，即使是最基本的 JSON 也会比这更好。