初始化驱动程序时，请务必设置下载首选项。
对于火狐：
ff_prof.set_preference( "browser.download.manager.showWhenStarting", False )
ff_prof.set_preference( "browser.download.folderList", 2 )
ff_prof.set_preference( "browser.download.useDownloadDir", True )
ff_prof.set_preference( "browser.download.dir", self.driver_settings['download_folder'] )
##
# if FF still shows the download dialog, make sure that the filetype is included below
# filetype string options can be found in '~/.mozilla/$USER_PROFILE/mimeTypes.rdf'
##
mime_types = ("application/pdf", "text/html")
ff_prof.set_preference( "browser.helperApps.neverAsk.saveToDisk", (", ".join( mime_types )) )
ff_prof.set_preference( "browser.helperApps.neverAsk.openFile", (", ".join( mime_types )) )
对于 Chrome：
capabilities['chromeOptions']['prefs']['download.prompt_for_download'] = False
capabilities['chromeOptions']['prefs']['download.default_directory'] = self.driver_settings['download_folder']
转发下载：
下面是我用来将文件从self.driver_settings['download_folder']（如上设置）重定向到您实际想要文件的位置（to_path 可以是现有文件夹或文件路径）的代码。如果您使用的是 linux，我建议使用 tmpfs 以便将 /tmp 保存在 ram 中，然后将 self.driver_settings['download_folder'] 设置为 "/tmp/driver_downloads/"。请注意，以下函数假定 self.driver_settings['download_folder'] 始终以空文件夹开头（这是它定位正在下载的文件的方式，因为它是目录中唯一的文件）。
def moveDriverDownload(self, to_path, allowable_extensions, allow_rename_if_exists=False, timeout_seconds=None):
if timeout_seconds is None:
timeout_seconds = 30
wait_delta = timedelta( seconds=timeout_seconds )
start_download_time = datetime.now()
hasTimedOut = lambda: datetime.now() - start_download_time > wait_delta
assert isinstance(allowable_extensions, list) or isinstance(allowable_extensions, tuple) or isinstance(allowable_extensions, set), "instead of a list, found allowable_extensions type of '{}'".format(type(allowable_extensions))
allowable_extensions = [ elem.lower().strip() for elem in allowable_extensions ]
allowable_extensions = [ elem if elem.startswith(".") else "."+elem for elem in allowable_extensions ]
if not ".part" in allowable_extensions:
allowable_extensions.append( ".part" )
re_extension_str = "(?:" + ("$)|(?:".join( re.escape(elem) for elem in allowable_extensions )) + "$)"
getFiles = lambda: next( os.walk( self.driver_settings['download_folder'] ) )[2]
while True:
if hasTimedOut():
del allowable_extensions[ allowable_extensions.index(".part") ]
raise DownloadTimeoutError( "timed out after {} seconds while waiting on file download with extension in {}".format(timeout_seconds, allowable_extensions) )
time.sleep( 0.5 )
file_list = [ elem for elem in getFiles() if re.search( re_extension_str, elem ) ]
if len(file_list) > 0:
break
file_list = [ re.search( r"(?i)^(.*?)(?:\.part)?$", elem ).groups()[0] for elem in file_list ]
if len(file_list) > 1:
if len(file_list) == 2:
if file_list[0] != file_list[1]:
raise Exception( "file_list[0] != file_list[1] <==> {} != {}".format(file_list[0], file_list[1]) )
else:
raise Exception( "len(file_list) > 1. found {}".format(file_list) )
file_path = "%s%s" %(self.driver_settings['download_folder'], file_list[0])
# see if the file is still being downloaded by checking if it's open by any programs
if platform.system() == "Linux":
openProcess = lambda: subprocess.Popen( 'lsof | grep "%s"' %file_path, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE )
fileIsFinished = lambda txt: txt.strip() == ""
elif platform.system() == "Windows":
# 'handle' program must be in PATH
# https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb896655
openProcess = lambda: subprocess.Popen( 'handle "%s"' %file_path.replace("/", "\\"), shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE )
fileIsFinished = lambda txt: bool( re.search("(?i)No matching handles found", txt) )
else:
raise Exception( "unrecognised platform.system() of '{}'".format(platform.system()) )
while True:
lsof_process = openProcess()
lsof_result = lsof_process.communicate()
if len(lsof_result) != 2:
raise Exception( "len(lsof_result) != 2. found {}".format(lsof_result) )
if lsof_result[1].strip() != "":
raise Exception( 'lsof_result[1].strip() != "". found {}'.format(lsof_result) )
if fileIsFinished( lsof_result[0] ):
break
if hasTimedOut():
raise Exception( "timed out after {} seconds waiting for '{}' to be freed from writing. found lsof/handle of '{}'".format(timeout_seconds, file_path, lsof_result[0]) )
time.sleep( 0.5 )
to_path = to_path.replace("\\", "/")
if os.path.isdir( to_path ):
if not to_path.endswith("/"):
to_path += "/"
to_path += file_list[0]
i = 2
while os.path.exists( to_path ):
if not allow_rename_if_exists:
raise Exception( "{} already exists".format(to_path) )
to_path = re.sub( "^(.*/)(.*?)(?:-" + str(i-1) + r")?(|\..*?)?$", r"\1\2-%i\3" %i, to_path )
i += 1
shutil.move( file_path, to_path )
return to_path[ to_path.rindex("/")+1: ]