使用 Tkinter Python 的交互式游戏板 - 标签更新

Question

我对 Tkinter 完全陌生，所以如果我说错了什么，我深表歉意。我正在用 Python 实现游戏 15，我想用 Tkinter 使其可视化。请参阅以下 2x2 板：

4 3
2×

如果你提示 x 用 3 交换，这些标签应该更新。到目前为止，我初始化了一个画布，并有两个代码 sn-ps，一个用于设置板：

def visualize():
    for i,row in enumerate(board):
        for j,column in enumerate(row):
            L = Label(root,text='   %s   '%board[i][j],bg='pink')
            if board[i][j] == d*d:
                L = tk.Label(root,text='        ')

对于移动功能：

def move():
    tile = int(raw_input('Which tile would you like to move: '))
    global board, blankx, blanky
    for i in range(d):
        for j in range(d):
            if(board[i][j] == tile):
                if(i - 1 == blanky or i + 1 == blanky or j - 1 == blankx or j + 1 == blankx):
                    board[i][j] = d * d
                    board[blanky][blankx] = tile
                    blanky = i
                    blankx = j
                    return True
    return False

关于如何将标签合并到我的画布中以及如何将移动作为画布上的有效事件合并的任何想法？非常感谢

Answer 1

如果您不需要移动瓷砖的动画，那么您可以使用grid() 将标签放在行和列中 - 而不是使用Canvas - 并将文本从标签移动到标签。

您甚至可以使用Button（而不是Label）和command= 为按钮分配功能。

-

如果您需要动画，则可以使用create_window() 将Label 添加到Canvas 和bind(event, function) 以将函数分配给事件调用的标签（如）。

但您也可以使用place() 在Frame 中放置标签或按钮

-

并且您必须将所有标签/按钮保留在全局列表中才能访问它们。

-

编辑：简单且有效的示例（但不完整）

import tkinter as tk

# --- functions ---

def move(x, y):
    global empty_x, empty_y, game_running   

    if game_running:        
        # check and move tile
        if (empty_x, empty_y) in [(x+1, y), (x-1, y), (x, y+1), (x, y-1)]:

            board[empty_y][empty_x] = board[y][x]
            board[y][x] = ' '

            buttons[empty_y][empty_x]['text'] = buttons[y][x]['text']
            buttons[y][x]['text'] = ' '

            empty_x = x
            empty_y = y

            if won():
                # show label "Hurray"
                label.lift()
                game_running = False

    else:
        # start game again

        shuffle() # shuffle tiles

        game_running = True

        # hide label
        label.lower() # or frame.lift()


def won():

    number = 0

    for y, row in enumerate(board):
        for x, char in enumerate(row, 1):
            number += 1
            if number == 9 and char == ' ':
                #print('A |%s| %d' % (char, number))
                return True
            elif char != str(number):
                #print('B |%s| %d' % (char, number))
                return False

    return True


def shuffle():
    # TODO: shuffle tiles

    # it can't put tiles in random places
    # because it can create game without solution

    pass

# --- data ---

board = [
    ['1', '2', '3'],
    ['4', '5', '6'],
    ['7', '8', ' '],
]

empty_x = len(board[0])-1
empty_y = len(board)-1

# --- main ---

root = tk.Tk()

# create label hidden behide frame

label = tk.Label(root, text="Hurray!\n\n(click any button to play again)", bg="red")
label.grid(row=0, column=0, ipadx=20, ipady=20)

# create frame with buttons to fast show/hide label

frame = tk.Frame(root)
frame.grid(row=0, column=0) # the same (row,col) to hide label

buttons = []

for y, row in enumerate(board):

    buttons_row = []

    for x, char in enumerate(row):

        b = tk.Button(frame, text=char, width=10, height=5, command=lambda x=x,y=y:move(x,y))
        b.grid(row=y, column=x)

        buttons_row.append(b)

    buttons.append(buttons_row)

# start game

shuffle() # shuffle tiles
game_running = True

# start "the engine"

root.mainloop()

---

编辑：带有StringVar的新版本

在shuffle 中，我将图块放在随机位置，有时我会得到没有解决方案的游戏。

有一些较小的修改 - “Hurray”现在是一个按钮并开始新游戏。

import tkinter as tk
import random

# --- functions ---

def move(x, y):
    global empty_x, empty_y, game_running   

    if game_running:        
        # check and move tile
        if (empty_x, empty_y) in [(x+1, y), (x-1, y), (x, y+1), (x, y-1)]:

            board[empty_y][empty_x].set( board[y][x].get() )
            board[y][x].set(' ')

            empty_x = x
            empty_y = y

            if won():
                # show label "Hurray"
                label.lift()
                game_running = False

    else:
        # start game again

        shuffle() # shuffle tiles


def won():

    number = 0

    for y, row in enumerate(board):
        for x, string_var in enumerate(row, 1):
            number += 1
            if number == 9 and string_var.get() == ' ':
                #print('A |%s| %d' % (char, number))
                return True
            elif string_var.get() != str(number):
                #print('B |%s| %d' % (char, number))
                return False

    return True


def shuffle():
    global empty_x, empty_y, game_running

    # TODO: shuffle tiles

    # it can't put tiles in random places
    # because it can create game without solution


    # clear all tiles to recognize (in next step) empty tiles 
    for row in board:
        for element in row:
            element.set('')

    # put tiles in random places
    for number in range(1, 10):
        while True: 
            row = random.randint(0, 2)
            col = random.randint(0, 2)
            if board[row][col].get() == '':
                board[row][col].set(str(number))
                print('row/col/number:', row, col, number)
                break

    # last number remove:
    print('empty row/col:', row, col)
    board[row][col].set(' ')
    empty_x = col
    empty_y = row

    # hide label
    label.lower() # or frame.lift()

    # start game
    game_running = True

# --- main ---

root = tk.Tk()

# --- data ---

# StringVar needs `root` - it has to be after tk.Tk()

# empty board
board = [   
#    [tk.StringVar(value='1'), tk.StringVar(value='2'), tk.StringVar(value='3')],
    [tk.StringVar(), tk.StringVar(), tk.StringVar()],
    [tk.StringVar(), tk.StringVar(), tk.StringVar()],
    [tk.StringVar(), tk.StringVar(), tk.StringVar()],
]

# create label hidden behide frame

label = tk.Button(root, text="Hurray!\n\n(click here to play again)", command=shuffle)
label.grid(row=0, column=0, ipadx=50, ipady=50)

# create frame with buttons to fast show/hide label

frame = tk.Frame(root)
frame.grid(row=0, column=0) # the same (row,col) to hide label

buttons = []

for y, row in enumerate(board):

    buttons_row = []

    for x, string_var in enumerate(row):

        b = tk.Button(frame, textvariable=string_var, width=10, height=5, command=lambda x=x,y=y:move(x,y))
        b.grid(row=y, column=x)

        buttons_row.append(b)

    buttons.append(buttons_row)

# start game

shuffle() # shuffle tiles

# start "the engine"

root.mainloop()