【发布时间】：2021-07-08 04:55:07
【问题描述】：
我正在做一个 NLP 项目，研究 10 位不同经典摇滚艺术家各自作品之间的余弦相似性。我已经完成了相似性查询并创建了一个名为 similarities 的数据框，看起来像这样。
我构建了similarities 数据框，首先构建了一个以艺术家姓名作为索引和列名的空数据框，然后运行以下代码来运行相似性查询并使用分数填充数据框：
artist_words = data['lyrics'][artist]
artist_vec_bow = dictionary.doc2bow(artist_words.lower().split())
artist_vec_lsi = lsi[artist_vec_bow]
artist_sims = index[artist_vec_lsi]
artist_sims_sorted = sorted(enumerate(artist_sims), key=lambda item: -item[1])
for position, score in artist_sims_sorted:
similarities.at[artist, musicians[position][1]] = score
data 是一个以艺术家姓名作为索引的数据框和一个名为 lyrics 的列，其中歌词作为一个长字符串输入。
我想创建一个 Seaborn 热图来可视化 DataFrame 中指示的相关性。
但是当我运行以下代码时：
sns.heatmap(similarities)
我收到一条以 :
结尾的长错误消息AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'reshape'
谁能帮我弄清楚如何可视化这个？
similarities.info() 返回以下内容：
Index: 11 entries, bob_dylan to willie_nelson
Data columns (total 11 columns):
# Column Non-Null Count Dtype
--- ------ -------------- -----
0 bob_dylan 11 non-null object
1 david_bowie 11 non-null object
2 janis_joplin 11 non-null object
3 john_prine 11 non-null object
4 leonard_cohen 11 non-null object
5 linda_ronstadt 11 non-null object
6 mark_knopfler 11 non-null object
7 neil_young 11 non-null object
8 stevie_nicks 11 non-null object
9 the_band 11 non-null object
10 willie_nelson 11 non-null object
dtypes: object(11)
memory usage: 1.3+ KB
similarities.describe() 返回以下内容：
如果完整的错误信息有帮助，这里是：
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
/var/folders/tb/j430qmhn16s6nsz08nf0y7y40000gn/T/ipykernel_40566/1345125298.py in <module>
----> 1 ax2 = sns.heatmap(
2 similarities,
3 vmin=-1, vmax=1, center=0,
4 cmap=sns.diverging_palette(20, 220, n=200),
5 square=True
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/seaborn/_decorators.py in inner_f(*args, **kwargs)
44 )
45 kwargs.update({k: arg for k, arg in zip(sig.parameters, args)})
---> 46 return f(**kwargs)
47 return inner_f
48
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/seaborn/matrix.py in heatmap(data, vmin, vmax, cmap, center, robust, annot, fmt, annot_kws, linewidths, linecolor, cbar, cbar_kws, cbar_ax, square, xticklabels, yticklabels, mask, ax, **kwargs)
546 if square:
547 ax.set_aspect("equal")
--> 548 plotter.plot(ax, cbar_ax, kwargs)
549 return ax
550
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/seaborn/matrix.py in plot(self, ax, cax, kws)
330 # Possibly rotate them if they overlap
331 if hasattr(ax.figure.canvas, "get_renderer"):
--> 332 ax.figure.draw(ax.figure.canvas.get_renderer())
333 if axis_ticklabels_overlap(xtl):
334 plt.setp(xtl, rotation="vertical")
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
72 @wraps(draw)
73 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs):
---> 74 result = draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
75 if renderer._rasterizing:
76 renderer.stop_rasterizing()
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
49 renderer.start_filter()
50
---> 51 return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
52 finally:
53 if artist.get_agg_filter() is not None:
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/figure.py in draw(self, renderer)
2778
2779 self.patch.draw(renderer)
-> 2780 mimage._draw_list_compositing_images(
2781 renderer, self, artists, self.suppressComposite)
2782
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/image.py in _draw_list_compositing_images(renderer, parent, artists, suppress_composite)
130 if not_composite or not has_images:
131 for a in artists:
--> 132 a.draw(renderer)
133 else:
134 # Composite any adjacent images together
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
49 renderer.start_filter()
50
---> 51 return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
52 finally:
53 if artist.get_agg_filter() is not None:
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/_api/deprecation.py in wrapper(*inner_args, **inner_kwargs)
429 else deprecation_addendum,
430 **kwargs)
--> 431 return func(*inner_args, **inner_kwargs)
432
433 return wrapper
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_base.py in draw(self, renderer, inframe)
2919 renderer.stop_rasterizing()
2920
-> 2921 mimage._draw_list_compositing_images(renderer, self, artists)
2922
2923 renderer.close_group('axes')
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/image.py in _draw_list_compositing_images(renderer, parent, artists, suppress_composite)
130 if not_composite or not has_images:
131 for a in artists:
--> 132 a.draw(renderer)
133 else:
134 # Composite any adjacent images together
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
49 renderer.start_filter()
50
---> 51 return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
52 finally:
53 if artist.get_agg_filter() is not None:
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/collections.py in draw(self, renderer)
2099 offsets = np.column_stack([xs, ys])
2100
-> 2101 self.update_scalarmappable()
2102
2103 if not transform.is_affine:
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/collections.py in update_scalarmappable(self)
924 # pcolormesh, scatter, maybe others flatten their _A
925 self._alpha = self._alpha.reshape(self._A.shape)
--> 926 self._mapped_colors = self.to_rgba(self._A, self._alpha)
927
928 if self._face_is_mapped:
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/cm.py in to_rgba(self, x, alpha, bytes, norm)
358 if norm:
359 x = self.norm(x)
--> 360 rgba = self.cmap(x, alpha=alpha, bytes=bytes)
361 return rgba
362
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/colors.py in __call__(self, X, alpha, bytes)
612 self._init()
613
--> 614 mask_bad = X.mask if np.ma.is_masked(X) else np.isnan(X) # Mask nan's.
615 xa = np.array(X, copy=True)
616 if not xa.dtype.isnative:
TypeError: ufunc 'isnan' not supported for the input types, and the inputs could not be safely coerced to any supported types according to the casting rule ''safe''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last)
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/IPython/core/formatters.py in __call__(self, obj)
339 pass
340 else:
--> 341 return printer(obj)
342 # Finally look for special method names
343 method = get_real_method(obj, self.print_method)
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/IPython/core/pylabtools.py in <lambda>(fig)
248
249 if 'png' in formats:
--> 250 png_formatter.for_type(Figure, lambda fig: print_figure(fig, 'png', **kwargs))
251 if 'retina' in formats or 'png2x' in formats:
252 png_formatter.for_type(Figure, lambda fig: retina_figure(fig, **kwargs))
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/IPython/core/pylabtools.py in print_figure(fig, fmt, bbox_inches, **kwargs)
132 FigureCanvasBase(fig)
133
--> 134 fig.canvas.print_figure(bytes_io, **kw)
135 data = bytes_io.getvalue()
136 if fmt == 'svg':
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.py in print_figure(self, filename, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, orientation, format, bbox_inches, pad_inches, bbox_extra_artists, backend, **kwargs)
2228 else suppress())
2229 with ctx:
-> 2230 self.figure.draw(renderer)
2231
2232 if bbox_inches:
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
72 @wraps(draw)
73 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs):
---> 74 result = draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
75 if renderer._rasterizing:
76 renderer.stop_rasterizing()
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
49 renderer.start_filter()
50
---> 51 return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
52 finally:
53 if artist.get_agg_filter() is not None:
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/figure.py in draw(self, renderer)
2778
2779 self.patch.draw(renderer)
-> 2780 mimage._draw_list_compositing_images(
2781 renderer, self, artists, self.suppressComposite)
2782
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/image.py in _draw_list_compositing_images(renderer, parent, artists, suppress_composite)
130 if not_composite or not has_images:
131 for a in artists:
--> 132 a.draw(renderer)
133 else:
134 # Composite any adjacent images together
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
49 renderer.start_filter()
50
---> 51 return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
52 finally:
53 if artist.get_agg_filter() is not None:
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/_api/deprecation.py in wrapper(*inner_args, **inner_kwargs)
429 else deprecation_addendum,
430 **kwargs)
--> 431 return func(*inner_args, **inner_kwargs)
432
433 return wrapper
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_base.py in draw(self, renderer, inframe)
2919 renderer.stop_rasterizing()
2920
-> 2921 mimage._draw_list_compositing_images(renderer, self, artists)
2922
2923 renderer.close_group('axes')
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/image.py in _draw_list_compositing_images(renderer, parent, artists, suppress_composite)
130 if not_composite or not has_images:
131 for a in artists:
--> 132 a.draw(renderer)
133 else:
134 # Composite any adjacent images together
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
49 renderer.start_filter()
50
---> 51 return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
52 finally:
53 if artist.get_agg_filter() is not None:
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/collections.py in draw(self, renderer)
2128 coordinates, offsets, transOffset,
2129 # Backends expect flattened rgba arrays (n*m, 4) for fc and ec
-> 2130 self.get_facecolor().reshape((-1, 4)),
2131 self._antialiased, self.get_edgecolors().reshape((-1, 4)))
2132 gc.restore()
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'reshape'
<Figure size 432x288 with 2 Axes>
【问题讨论】：
-
欢迎来到 SO。
similarites值可能存在问题。 -
请尝试创建minimal reproducible example。我们只能告诉您我们实际可以看到的代码有什么问题；并且由于
.heatmap方法应该可用于某些事情，因此问题可能出在其他地方。 -
您运行的是哪个版本的 seaborn？你能添加（作为文本）
similarities.info()和similarities.describe()的输出吗？你确定similarities不是空数据框吗？ -
有没有机会输入数据而不是截图？ 6x6 就可以了。
-
@KarlKnechtel 谢谢！我添加了更多可能有帮助的代码。
标签： python matplotlib seaborn heatmap correlation