如何从 javascript 调用 WCF 服务？

Question

我正在尝试使用 jQuery 从 ajax 调用中调用 WCF 服务。 我设法从 SOAP-UI 和 Excel/VBA 调用 WCF。 我的问题来自已发送的 OPTIONS 请求并且没有 POST 跟随：

• 如果我将 URL 设置为 http://mywcf/service.svc，则会发送 OPTIONS，我会收到 400 Bad Request 状态，但不会发送 POST 请求。在这种情况下，标头中缺少 HTTP/1.1（与 SOAP-UI 标头相比）。
• 如果我将 URL 设置为 http://mywcf/service.svc HTTP/1.1，则会发送 OPTIONS 并且我会收到 200 OK 状态，但不会发送 POST 请求。在这种情况下，HTTP/1.1 似乎被解释为文件名。

谁能告诉我如何从 javascript 调用 WCF 上的 POST 操作并添加 HTTP/1.1 标头而不破坏服务 URL？

这是我的 ajax 调用的摘录：

var soapData = ''
        +'<soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope" xmlns:mic="http://microsoft.wcf.documentation">'
        +'    <soap:Header xmlns:wsa="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/addressing" xmlns:wsrm="http://docs.oasis-open.org/ws-rx/wsrm/200702">'
        +'        <wsrm:Sequence>'
        +'            <wsrm:Identifier>s:Sender a:ActionNotSupported</wsrm:Identifier>'
        +'            <wsrm:MessageNumber>1</wsrm:MessageNumber>'
        +'        </wsrm:Sequence>'
        +'        <wsa:Action>http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/02/rm/CreateSequence</wsa:Action>'
        +'        <wsa:ReplyTo>'
        +'            <wsa:Address>http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing/role/anonymous</wsa:Address>'
        +'        </wsa:ReplyTo>'
        +'        <wsa:MessageID>uuid:'+ MsgUid +'</wsa:MessageID>'
        +'        <wsa:To>'+ Url +'</wsa:To>'
        +'    </soap:Header>'
        +'    <soap:Body xmlns:wsrm="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/02/rm">'
        +'        <wsrm:CreateSequence>'
        +'            <wsrm:AcksTo xmlns:wsa="http://www.w3.org/2005/08/addressing">'
        +'                <wsa:Address>http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing/role/anonymous</wsa:Address>'
        +'            </wsrm:AcksTo>'
        +'            <wsrm:Offer>'
        +'                <wsrm:Identifier>urn:soapui:'+ SeqUid +'</wsrm:Identifier>'
        +'            </wsrm:Offer>'
        +'        </wsrm:CreateSequence>'
        +'    </soap:Body>'
        +'</soap:Envelope>';

$.ajax({
    type: 'POST',
    url: 'http://mywcf/service.svc', // with or without +' HTTP/1.1'
    data: soapData,
    contentType: 'application/soap+xml;charset=UTF-8',
    dataType: 'xml'
});

我的 WCF 中的值 web.config:

<system.webServer>
    <httpProtocol>
        <customHeaders>
            <add name="Access-Control-Allow-Origin" value="*" />
            <add name="Access-Control-Allow-Methods" value="POST, OPTIONS" />
            <add name="Access-Control-Allow-Headers" value="*" />
        </customHeaders>
    </httpProtocol>
</system.webServer>

Answer 1

要使用 jQuery 使用 Web 服务，即调用 WCF 服务，您可以使用 jQuery.ajax() 或 jQuery.getJSON()。在本文中，我使用了 jQuery.ajax() 方法。

要设置请求，首先定义一个变量。当您调用多个方法并创建不同的 js 文件来调用 WCF 服务时，这将很有帮助。

<script type="text/javascript">

    var Type;
    var Url;
    var Data;
    var ContentType;
    var DataType;
    var ProcessData;

以下函数初始化上面定义的变量以调用服务。

function WCFJSON() {
    var userid = "1";
    Type = "POST";
    Url = "Service.svc/GetUser";
    Data = '{"Id": "' + userid + '"}';
    ContentType = "application/json; charset=utf-8";
    DataType = "json"; varProcessData = true; 
    CallService();
}

CallService 函数通过在 $.ajax 中设置数据向服务发送请求。

// Function to call WCF  Service       
function CallService() {
    $.ajax({
        type: Type, //GET or POST or PUT or DELETE verb
        url: Url, // Location of the service
        data: Data, //Data sent to server
        contentType: ContentType, // content type sent to server
        dataType: DataType, //Expected data format from server
        processdata: ProcessData, //True or False
        success: function(msg) {//On Successfull service call
            ServiceSucceeded(msg);
        },
        error: ServiceFailed// When Service call fails
    });
}

function ServiceFailed(result) {
    alert('Service call failed: ' + result.status + '' + result.statusText);
    Type = null;
    varUrl = null;
    Data = null; 
    ContentType = null;
    DataType = null;
    ProcessData = null;
}

注意：以下代码检查 result.GetUserResult 语句，因此您的结果对象获取您的服务方法名称 + Result 的属性。否则，它会给出一个错误，比如在 Javascript 中找不到对象。

function ServiceSucceeded(result) {
    if (DataType == "json") {
        resultObject = result.GetUserResult;

        for (i = 0; i < resultObject.length; i++) {
            alert(resultObject[i]);
        }

    }

}

function ServiceFailed(xhr) {
    alert(xhr.responseText);

    if (xhr.responseText) {
        var err = xhr.responseText;
        if (err)
            error(err);
        else
            error({ Message: "Unknown server error." })
    }

    return;
}

$(document).ready(
    function() {
        WCFJSON();
    }
);
</script>

Answer 2

添加 webHttpBinding 端点

    <services>
  <service name="Contract">
    <endpoint address="json" binding="webHttpBinding"  contract="IContract" bindingConfiguration="ActionsHttpBinding" behaviorConfiguration="ActionrestfulBehavior"/>
  </service>

然后从 ajax 调用端点作为 post 或 get，参见下面的示例：

    var data = JSON.stringify({
    param1: val1,
    param2: val2
});
$.ajax({
    url: "http://mywcf/service.svc/json/FunctionName",
    type: "POST",
    data: data,
    contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",
    dataType: "json",
    processData: true
}).then(function (rsutlt) {

}).fail(function (fail) {
});

Answer 3

将以下代码添加到您的 global.asax.cs，并从您的网络配置中删除 customHeaders。

protected void Application_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        HttpContext.Current.Response.AddHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");

        if (HttpContext.Current.Request.HttpMethod == "OPTIONS")
        {
            //These headers are handling the "pre-flight" OPTIONS call sent by the browser
            HttpContext.Current.Response.AddHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET, POST, PUT, DELETE");
            HttpContext.Current.Response.AddHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type, Accept");
            HttpContext.Current.Response.AddHeader("Access-Control-Max-Age", "1728000");
            HttpContext.Current.Response.End();
        }

    }

您还需要删除 OPTIONSVerbHandler 以启用 cors。

 <system.webServer>
    <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false" />
    <handlers>
      <remove name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" />
      <remove name="OPTIONSVerbHandler" />
      <remove name="TRACEVerbHandler" />
      <add name="ExtensionlessUrlHandler-Integrated-4.0" path="*." verb="*" type="System.Web.Handlers.TransferRequestHandler" preCondition="integratedMode,runtimeVersionv4.0" />
    </handlers>
</system.webServer>