【问题标题】:Cython and numpyCython 和 numpy
【发布时间】:2016-08-19 03:12:11
【问题描述】:

尝试运行 高性能 Python

的示例 7-11

cython_np.pyx

#cython_np.pyx
import numpy as np
cimport numpy as np
def calculate_z(int maxiter, double complex[:] zs, double complex[:] cs):
    cdef unsigned int i, n
    cdef double complex z, c
    cdef int[:] output = np.empty(len(zs), dtype = np.int32)
    for i in range(len(zs)):
        n = 0
        z = zs[i]
        c = cs[i]
        while n < maxiter and (z.real * z.real + z.imag * z.imag) < 4:
            z = z * z + c
            n  += 1
        output[i] = n
    return output

setup.py

from distutils.core import setup
from distutils.extension import Extension
from Cython.Distutils import build_ext

setup(
        cmdclass = {'build_ext':build_ext},
        ext_modules = [Extension("calculate", ["cythonfn.pyx"])]
)

在终端,ubuntu 16.04

python3 setup.py build_ext --inplace

得到一些警告

running build_ext
cythoning cythonfn.pyx to cythonfn.c
building 'calculate' extension
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/usr/include/python3.5m -c cythonfn.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.5/cythonfn.o
In file included from /usr/include/python3.5m/numpy/ndarraytypes.h:1777:0,
                 from /usr/include/python3.5m/numpy/ndarrayobject.h:18,
                 from /usr/include/python3.5m/numpy/arrayobject.h:4,
                 from cythonfn.c:274:
/usr/include/python3.5m/numpy/npy_1_7_deprecated_api.h:15:2: warning:          #warning "Using deprecated NumPy API, disable it by " "#defining   NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API NPY_1_7_API_VERSION" [-Wcpp]
 #warning "Using deprecated NumPy API, disable it by " \
  ^
In file included from /usr/include/python3.5m/numpy/ndarrayobject.h:27:0,
                 from /usr/include/python3.5m/numpy/arrayobject.h:4,
                 from cythonfn.c:274:
/usr/include/python3.5m/numpy/__multiarray_api.h:1448:1: warning: ‘_import_array’ defined but not used [-Wunused-function]
 _import_array(void)
 ^
x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.5/cythonfn.o -o MY_DIR/calculate.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so

当我尝试在 Ipython 中运行使用函数 calculate.calculate.z 时,它说

TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'list'

detail of using calculate.z

关于警告的任何想法?

【问题讨论】:

    标签: python numpy cython


    【解决方案1】:

    我认为,基于http://docs.cython.org/en/latest/src/userguide/memoryviews.html中的示例

    double complex[:] zs
    

    使用double complex dtype 定义一维内存视图。这类似于具有该 dtype 的 numpy 数组。

    您的代码将一个列表传递给此函数。列表是 Python 对象,不能作为 C 或 Cython 原生数组访问。

    您的消息来源是否提供了有关如何调用此函数的任何信息?我无权访问那本书。

    【讨论】:

    • 这本书没有说明如何调用该函数。当我调用它时,我将 numpy.array() 对象而不是列表对象传递给我的函数。终于成功了,谢谢!!!
    【解决方案2】:

    同样的问题发生在第二版。虽然 np.asarray() 可以解决问题,但它可能会在某种程度上(基于我自己的实验)损害代码性能。原因可能是我们需要为新创建的数组分配新空间)。

    【讨论】:

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