【发布时间】：2022-01-10 09:39:35
【问题描述】：
我目前正在努力在虚拟环境中安装 python 包。设置如下：我有一个 M1 mac，我的系统 python 安装位于 /usr/bin/python (v 2.7.18) 和 usr/bin/python3 (v 3.8.9)。因为我不太喜欢搞这些，所以我在brew 上安装了pyenv 和pyenv-virtualenv。我安装了 Python 3.10.1 并创建了一个虚拟环境，我们称之为test。我还在.zshrc中添加了以下几行
if command -v pyenv 1>/dev/null 2>&1; then
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
fi
alias brew='env PATH="${PATH//$(pyenv root)\/shims:/}" brew'
PATH=$(pyenv root)/shims:$PATH
（大部分都是按照github page of pyenv上的说明完成的）。
我现在正尝试在test 中安装一些软件包。 numpy, scipy 等运行良好，但是当我尝试使用 pip 安装 PyQt5 时出现错误。
❯ pip install PyQt5
Collecting PyQt5
Using cached PyQt5-5.15.6.tar.gz (3.2 MB)
Installing build dependencies ... done
Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /Users/UserName/.pyenv/versions/3.10.1/envs/simpy/bin/python3.10 /Users/UserName/.pyenv/versions/3.10.1/envs/simpy/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel /var/folders/yk/q1gxptj56gj5n3jt8l48xj580000gn/T/tmp2ofsepfy
cwd: /private/var/folders/yk/q1gxptj56gj5n3jt8l48xj580000gn/T/pip-install-5rev2dd7/pyqt5_3892c9f35c2f41a186bcd36237d536d7
Complete output (29 lines):
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/UserName/.pyenv/versions/3.10.1/envs/simpy/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py", line 156, in prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
hook = backend.prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
AttributeError: module 'sipbuild.api' has no attribute 'prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel'
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/UserName/.pyenv/versions/3.10.1/envs/simpy/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py", line 363, in <module>
main()
File "/Users/UserName/.pyenv/versions/3.10.1/envs/simpy/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py", line 345, in main
json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
File "/Users/UserName/.pyenv/versions/3.10.1/envs/simpy/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py", line 160, in prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
whl_basename = backend.build_wheel(metadata_directory, config_settings)
File "/private/var/folders/yk/q1gxptj56gj5n3jt8l48xj580000gn/T/pip-build-env-vyb7aqa6/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sipbuild/api.py", line 51, in build_wheel
project = AbstractProject.bootstrap('pep517')
File "/private/var/folders/yk/q1gxptj56gj5n3jt8l48xj580000gn/T/pip-build-env-vyb7aqa6/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sipbuild/abstract_project.py", line 83, in bootstrap
project.setup(pyproject, tool, tool_description)
File "/private/var/folders/yk/q1gxptj56gj5n3jt8l48xj580000gn/T/pip-build-env-vyb7aqa6/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sipbuild/project.py", line 587, in setup
self.apply_user_defaults(tool)
File "/private/var/folders/yk/q1gxptj56gj5n3jt8l48xj580000gn/T/pip-install-5rev2dd7/pyqt5_3892c9f35c2f41a186bcd36237d536d7/project.py", line 63, in apply_user_defaults
super().apply_user_defaults(tool)
File "/private/var/folders/yk/q1gxptj56gj5n3jt8l48xj580000gn/T/pip-build-env-vyb7aqa6/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pyqtbuild/project.py", line 70, in apply_user_defaults
super().apply_user_defaults(tool)
File "/private/var/folders/yk/q1gxptj56gj5n3jt8l48xj580000gn/T/pip-build-env-vyb7aqa6/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/sipbuild/project.py", line 234, in apply_user_defaults
self.builder.apply_user_defaults(tool)
File "/private/var/folders/yk/q1gxptj56gj5n3jt8l48xj580000gn/T/pip-build-env-vyb7aqa6/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pyqtbuild/builder.py", line 67, in apply_user_defaults
raise PyProjectOptionException('qmake',
sipbuild.pyproject.PyProjectOptionException
----------------------------------------
WARNING: Discarding https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3b/27/fd81188a35f37be9b3b4c2db1654d9439d1418823916fe702ac3658c9c41/PyQt5-5.15.6.tar.gz#sha256=80343bcab95ffba619f2ed2467fd828ffeb0a251ad7225be5fc06dcc333af452 (from https://pypi.org/simple/pyqt5/) (requires-python:>=3.6). Command errored out with exit status 1: /Users/UserName/.pyenv/versions/3.10.1/envs/simpy/bin/python3.10 /Users/UserName/.pyenv/versions/3.10.1/envs/simpy/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel /var/folders/yk/q1gxptj56gj5n3jt8l48xj580000gn/T/tmp2ofsepfy Check the logs for full command output.
这里到底发生了什么？这与m1芯片或虚拟环境的设置有关吗？我该如何解决这个问题？
根据@pedro_bb7 的建议，我将 Python 降级到 3.9.9（因为 PyQt5 还没有为 Python 3.10.0 做好准备）并且还尝试通过命令安装 PyQt5 的旧版本（5.14.1/2/, 5.15.0/1/2/3/4/5/6）
❯ pip install PyQt5==5.14.0
Collecting PyQt5==5.14.0
Using cached PyQt5-5.14.0.tar.gz (3.2 MB)
ERROR: PyQt5==5.14.0 from https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7c/5b/e760ec4f868cb77cee45b4554bf15d3fe6972176e89c4e3faac941213694/PyQt5-5.14.0.tar.gz#sha256=0145a6b7de15756366decb736c349a0cb510d706c83fda5b8cd9e0557bc1da72 has a pyproject.toml file that does not comply with PEP 518: 'build-system.requires' contains an invalid requirement: 'sip >=5.0.1 <6'
如您所见，仍然没有运气......
【问题讨论】：
标签： python pyqt5 apple-m1 python-venv pyvenv