为什么在构建 docker 映像时出现此错误？答案

【问题标题】：Why I'm getting this error while building docker image?为什么在构建 docker 映像时出现此错误？
【发布时间】：2020-11-01 19:12:16
【问题描述】：

通过“docker-compose build”构建 docker 镜像时出现以下错误。

ERROR: Couldn't connect to Docker daemon at http://127.0.0.1:2375 - is it running?

If it's at a non-standard location, specify the URL with the DOCKER_HOST environment variable.

即使我尝试使用“sudo”，我也得到了这个：

Building web
Step 1/8 : FROM python:3.8.3-alpine
 ---> 8ecf5a48c789
Step 2/8 : WORKDIR /usr/src/app
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 87bb0088a0ba
Step 3/8 : ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 4f1a6ddf9e1f
Step 4/8 : ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 5d22b6b7a0f5
Step 5/8 : RUN pip install --upgrade pip
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 169ee831f728
Step 6/8 : COPY ./requirements.txt .
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 4b4351e31632
Step 7/8 : RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
 ---> Running in a4dae2fe3761
Collecting asgiref==3.2.10
  Downloading asgiref-3.2.10-py3-none-any.whl (19 kB)
Collecting cffi==1.14.3
  Downloading cffi-1.14.3.tar.gz (470 kB)
Collecting cryptography==3.2.1
  Downloading cryptography-3.2.1.tar.gz (540 kB)
  Installing build dependencies: started
  Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'error'
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip install --ignore-installed --no-user --prefix /tmp/pip-build-env-p3ocmpkd/overlay --no-warn-script-location --no-binary :none: --only-binary :none: -i https://pypi.org/simple -- 'setuptools>=40.6.0' wheel 'cffi>=1.8,!=1.11.3; platform_python_implementation != '"'"'PyPy'"'"''
       cwd: None
  Complete output (128 lines):
  Collecting setuptools>=40.6.0
    Downloading setuptools-50.3.2-py3-none-any.whl (785 kB)
  Collecting wheel
    Downloading wheel-0.35.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (33 kB)
  Collecting cffi!=1.11.3,>=1.8
    Using cached cffi-1.14.3.tar.gz (470 kB)
  Collecting pycparser
    Downloading pycparser-2.20-py2.py3-none-any.whl (112 kB)
  Building wheels for collected packages: cffi
    Building wheel for cffi (setup.py): started
    Building wheel for cffi (setup.py): finished with status 'error'
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: /usr/local/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-_eoslhz1/cffi/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-_eoslhz1/cffi/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-99ngzpxw
         cwd: /tmp/pip-install-_eoslhz1/cffi/
    Complete output (50 lines):
    unable to execute 'gcc': No such file or directory
    unable to execute 'gcc': No such file or directory
  
        No working compiler found, or bogus compiler options passed to
        the compiler from Python's standard "distutils" module.  See
        the error messages above.  Likely, the problem is not related
        to CFFI but generic to the setup.py of any Python package that
        tries to compile C code.  (Hints: on OS/X 10.8, for errors about
        -mno-fused-madd see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/22313407/
        Otherwise, see https://wiki.python.org/moin/CompLangPython or
        the IRC channel #python on irc.freenode.net.)
  
        Trying to continue anyway.  If you are trying to install CFFI from
        a build done in a different context, you can ignore this warning.
  
    running bdist_wheel
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/api.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/verifier.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/recompiler.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/vengine_gen.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/model.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/error.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/ffiplatform.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/cparser.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/backend_ctypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/cffi_opcode.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/commontypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/pkgconfig.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/setuptools_ext.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/lock.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/vengine_cpy.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/_cffi_include.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/parse_c_type.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/_embedding.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/_cffi_errors.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    warning: build_py: byte-compiling is disabled, skipping.
  
    running build_ext
    building '_cffi_backend' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/c
    gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -DTHREAD_STACK_SIZE=0x100000 -fPIC -I/usr/include/ffi -I/usr/include/libffi -I/usr/local/include/python3.8 -c c/_cffi_backend.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/c/_cffi_backend.o
    unable to execute 'gcc': No such file or directory
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
    ----------------------------------------
    ERROR: Failed building wheel for cffi
    Running setup.py clean for cffi
  Failed to build cffi
  Installing collected packages: setuptools, wheel, pycparser, cffi
      Running setup.py install for cffi: started
      Running setup.py install for cffi: finished with status 'error'
      ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
       command: /usr/local/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-_eoslhz1/cffi/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-_eoslhz1/cffi/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-pah2aui6/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --prefix /tmp/pip-build-env-p3ocmpkd/overlay --compile --install-headers /tmp/pip-build-env-p3ocmpkd/overlay/include/python3.8/cffi
           cwd: /tmp/pip-install-_eoslhz1/cffi/
      Complete output (50 lines):
      unable to execute 'gcc': No such file or directory
      unable to execute 'gcc': No such file or directory
  
          No working compiler found, or bogus compiler options passed to
          the compiler from Python's standard "distutils" module.  See
          the error messages above.  Likely, the problem is not related
          to CFFI but generic to the setup.py of any Python package that
          tries to compile C code.  (Hints: on OS/X 10.8, for errors about
          -mno-fused-madd see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/22313407/
          Otherwise, see https://wiki.python.org/moin/CompLangPython or
          the IRC channel #python on irc.freenode.net.)
  
          Trying to continue anyway.  If you are trying to install CFFI from
          a build done in a different context, you can ignore this warning.
  
      running install
      running build
      running build_py
      creating build
      creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8
      creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/api.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/verifier.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/recompiler.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/vengine_gen.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/model.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/error.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/ffiplatform.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/cparser.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/backend_ctypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/cffi_opcode.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/commontypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/pkgconfig.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/setuptools_ext.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/lock.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/vengine_cpy.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/_cffi_include.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/parse_c_type.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/_embedding.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/_cffi_errors.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      warning: build_py: byte-compiling is disabled, skipping.
  
      running build_ext
      building '_cffi_backend' extension
      creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8
      creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/c
      gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -DTHREAD_STACK_SIZE=0x100000 -fPIC -I/usr/include/ffi -I/usr/include/libffi -I/usr/local/include/python3.8 -c c/_cffi_backend.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/c/_cffi_backend.o
      unable to execute 'gcc': No such file or directory
      error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
      ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /usr/local/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-_eoslhz1/cffi/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-_eoslhz1/cffi/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-pah2aui6/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --prefix /tmp/pip-build-env-p3ocmpkd/overlay --compile --install-headers /tmp/pip-build-env-p3ocmpkd/overlay/include/python3.8/cffi Check the logs for full command output.
  ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip install --ignore-installed --no-user --prefix /tmp/pip-build-env-p3ocmpkd/overlay --no-warn-script-location --no-binary :none: --only-binary :none: -i https://pypi.org/simple -- 'setuptools>=40.6.0' wheel 'cffi>=1.8,!=1.11.3; platform_python_implementation != '"'"'PyPy'"'"'' Check the logs for full command output.
ERROR: Service 'web' failed to build: The command '/bin/sh -c pip install -r requirements.txt' returned a non-zero code: 1

那是我的 Dockerfile：

# pull official base image
FROM python:3.8.3-alpine

# set work directory
WORKDIR /usr/src/app

# set environment variables
ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1

# install dependencies
RUN pip install --upgrade pip
COPY ./requirements.txt .
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt

# copy project
COPY . .

和 docker-compose.yml:

version: '3.7'

services:
  web:
    build: .
    command: python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
    volumes:
      - ./:/usr/src/app/
    ports:
      - 8000:8000
    env_file:
      - ./.env.dev

我要补充一点，我几个月前买了我的笔记本电脑，并且在我以前的系统上的这个设备上已经遇到了 Docker 问题（这是我更改系统的原因之一）。我从 Fedora 切换到 Ubuntu。

此外，我的 shell 中没有 python3 的“python”别名，由于未知原因，我需要将“python3 -m”放在简单的“pip freeze”之前。

我希望这些信息可能有用。谢谢。

。 . .

在我的 Dockerfile 中添加“RUN apk add builder-base”后，出现以下错误：

Step 8/9 : RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
 ---> Running in cd9c74fbd831
Collecting asgiref==3.2.10
  Downloading asgiref-3.2.10-py3-none-any.whl (19 kB)
Collecting cffi==1.14.3
  Downloading cffi-1.14.3.tar.gz (470 kB)
Collecting cryptography==3.2.1
  Downloading cryptography-3.2.1.tar.gz (540 kB)
  Installing build dependencies: started
  Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'error'
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip install --ignore-installed --no-user --prefix /tmp/pip-build-env-gbfaltlj/overlay --no-warn-script-location --no-binary :none: --only-binary :none: -i https://pypi.org/simple -- 'setuptools>=40.6.0' wheel 'cffi>=1.8,!=1.11.3; platform_python_implementation != '"'"'PyPy'"'"''
       cwd: None
  Complete output (104 lines):
  Collecting setuptools>=40.6.0
    Downloading setuptools-50.3.2-py3-none-any.whl (785 kB)
  Collecting wheel
    Downloading wheel-0.35.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (33 kB)
  Collecting cffi!=1.11.3,>=1.8
    Using cached cffi-1.14.3.tar.gz (470 kB)
  Collecting pycparser
    Downloading pycparser-2.20-py2.py3-none-any.whl (112 kB)
  Building wheels for collected packages: cffi
    Building wheel for cffi (setup.py): started
    Building wheel for cffi (setup.py): finished with status 'error'
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: /usr/local/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-myhajkmm/cffi/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-myhajkmm/cffi/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-9jsg5veu
         cwd: /tmp/pip-install-myhajkmm/cffi/
    Complete output (38 lines):
    running bdist_wheel
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/api.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/verifier.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/recompiler.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/vengine_gen.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/model.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/error.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/ffiplatform.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/cparser.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/backend_ctypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/cffi_opcode.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/commontypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/pkgconfig.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/setuptools_ext.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/lock.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/vengine_cpy.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/_cffi_include.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/parse_c_type.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/_embedding.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    copying cffi/_cffi_errors.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
    warning: build_py: byte-compiling is disabled, skipping.
  
    running build_ext
    building '_cffi_backend' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/c
    gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -DTHREAD_STACK_SIZE=0x100000 -fPIC -DUSE__THREAD -DHAVE_SYNC_SYNCHRONIZE -I/usr/include/ffi -I/usr/include/libffi -I/usr/local/include/python3.8 -c c/_cffi_backend.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/c/_cffi_backend.o
    c/_cffi_backend.c:15:10: fatal error: ffi.h: No such file or directory
       15 | #include <ffi.h>
          |          ^~~~~~~
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
    ----------------------------------------
    ERROR: Failed building wheel for cffi
    Running setup.py clean for cffi
  Failed to build cffi
  Installing collected packages: setuptools, wheel, pycparser, cffi
      Running setup.py install for cffi: started
      Running setup.py install for cffi: finished with status 'error'
      ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
       command: /usr/local/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-myhajkmm/cffi/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-myhajkmm/cffi/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-s86a1yn7/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --prefix /tmp/pip-build-env-gbfaltlj/overlay --compile --install-headers /tmp/pip-build-env-gbfaltlj/overlay/include/python3.8/cffi
           cwd: /tmp/pip-install-myhajkmm/cffi/
      Complete output (38 lines):
      running install
      running build
      running build_py
      creating build
      creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8
      creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/api.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/verifier.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/recompiler.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/vengine_gen.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/model.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/error.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/ffiplatform.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/cparser.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/backend_ctypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/cffi_opcode.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/commontypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/pkgconfig.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/setuptools_ext.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/lock.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/vengine_cpy.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/_cffi_include.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/parse_c_type.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/_embedding.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      copying cffi/_cffi_errors.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cffi
      warning: build_py: byte-compiling is disabled, skipping.
  
      running build_ext
      building '_cffi_backend' extension
      creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8
      creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/c
      gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -DTHREAD_STACK_SIZE=0x100000 -fPIC -DUSE__THREAD -DHAVE_SYNC_SYNCHRONIZE -I/usr/include/ffi -I/usr/include/libffi -I/usr/local/include/python3.8 -c c/_cffi_backend.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/c/_cffi_backend.o
      c/_cffi_backend.c:15:10: fatal error: ffi.h: No such file or directory
         15 | #include <ffi.h>
            |          ^~~~~~~
      compilation terminated.
      error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
      ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /usr/local/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-myhajkmm/cffi/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-myhajkmm/cffi/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-s86a1yn7/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --prefix /tmp/pip-build-env-gbfaltlj/overlay --compile --install-headers /tmp/pip-build-env-gbfaltlj/overlay/include/python3.8/cffi Check the logs for full command output.
  ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip install --ignore-installed --no-user --prefix /tmp/pip-build-env-gbfaltlj/overlay --no-warn-script-location --no-binary :none: --only-binary :none: -i https://pypi.org/simple -- 'setuptools>=40.6.0' wheel 'cffi>=1.8,!=1.11.3; platform_python_implementation != '"'"'PyPy'"'"'' Check the logs for full command output.
ERROR: Service 'web' failed to build: The command '/bin/sh -c pip install -r requirements.txt' returned a non-zero code: 1

【问题讨论】：

这些是完全不同的错误。第一个发生是因为不允许您与 docker 守护进程交谈。要解决这个问题，您基本上必须将您的用户添加到 docker 组。下一个只是因为 root 实际上可以进行构建，但显然您需要安装 gcc 才能使构建成功。 dockerfile 中的apk add build-base 应该可以解决这个问题。
谢谢，但是现在我收到了这个错误。我只放了最后一行，因为它太长而无法粘贴到评论中 - 它与前一行非常相似。命令出错，退出状态为 1：/usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip install --ignore-installed --no-user --prefix /tmp/pip -build-env-tn7kw6p1/overlay --no-warn-script-location --no-binary :none: --only-binary :none: -i pypi.org/simple -- 'setuptools>=40.6.0' wheel ' cffi>=1.8,!=1.11.3; platform_python_implementation != '"'"'PyPy'"'"'' 检查日志以获取完整的命令输出。
it's too long to be pasted in a comment => 这就是为什么你应该编辑你的问题。您还应该阅读您的错误消息，研究如何修复它们，并提供一些有关您所做的事情的信息以进一步说明您被阻止的原因。
我不经常问有关 Stack-Overflow 的问题，因此感谢您的建议和帮助。我试图调查这些错误，但我什么也没发现，所以决定在这里问。我的问题有更新错误，你能看看吗？即使在系统格式化之前，我也有同样的错误。谢谢！

标签： python django docker

【解决方案1】：

Alpine Linux 不支持 manylinux 标签下的二进制轮子 Python 包，因此您必须自己编译 cffi 和 cryptography 之类的东西。为此，您需要一个编译器和一组正确的头文件。这记录在 cryptography installation documentation for Alpine 中。

2021 年 9 月更新：现在有一个 musllinux 标准，允许与 Alpine 一起使用的二元轮。要使用它们，您必须拥有pip 21.2.4 或更高版本。

【讨论】：