python中的形状区域

Question

所以我有一个名为 the_rectangle 的函数，我运行了两次来创建两个矩形。但是，我希望 python 找出每个矩形的面积并通过打印确定哪个更大（“更大的矩形面积是：） 然后打印（“较小的矩形区域是：）。另外我希望它使用参数宽度和长度来查找每个区域的值。这可能吗？

import turtle
import math


def the_rectangle(width, length, color):
    turtle.color(color)
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.forward(width)
    turtle.left(90)
    turtle.forward(length)
    turtle.left(90)
    turtle.forward(width)
    turtle.left(90)
    turtle.forward(length)
    turtle.left(90)
    turtle.end_fill()

def main():
    the_rectangle(200, 100, "red")
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.forward(300)
    turtle.pendown()
    the_rectangle(100, 250, "yellow")

main()

Answer 1

有很多方法可以完成您想要的，但对现有代码的最简单修改可能是让“the_rectangle”返回该区域。 您需要获取返回值并计算最大/最小面积。

如果你想让它成为一个更大规模的程序，你需要去创建类，就像其他答案中提到的那样。

import turtle
import math


def the_rectangle(width, length, color):
    # This function draws a rectangle and returns the area
    turtle.color(color)
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.forward(width)
    turtle.left(90)
    turtle.forward(length)
    turtle.left(90)
    turtle.forward(width)
    turtle.left(90)
    turtle.forward(length)
    turtle.left(90)
    turtle.end_fill()
    return width*length

def main():
    area_1 = the_rectangle(200, 100, "red")
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.forward(300)
    turtle.pendown()
    area_2 = the_rectangle(100, 250, "yellow")
    print("Largest rectangle is " + str(max(area_1,area_2)))
    print("Smallest rectangle is " + str(min(area_1,area_2)))

main()

Answer 2

试着让你的矩形成为一个类。这样您就可以将所有数据集中在一个地方。

class Rectangle:
    def __init__(self, length, width, color): # Initialization
        self.length = length
        self.width = width
        self.color = color

    def draw(self, turtle): # Draws the rectangle
        turtle.color(color)
        turtle.begin_fill()
        turtle.forward(width)
        turtle.left(90)
        turtle.forward(length)
        turtle.left(90)
        turtle.forward(width)
        turtle.left(90)
        turtle.forward(length)
        turtle.left(90)
        turtle.end_fill()

    def area(self): # Calculates the area
         return self.length * self.width

要使用这个类来比较区域，只需使用下面的代码。

def main():
    rectangle1 = Rectangle(200, 100, "red")
    a1 = rectangle1.area()
    rectangle2 = Rectangle(100, 250, "yellow")
    a2 = rectangle2.area()

    print("The bigger rectangle's area is:", str(max(a1, a2)))
    print("The smaller rectangle's area is:", str(min(a1, a2)))

    # Draw the rectangles
    rectangle1.draw()
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.forward(300)
    turtle.pendown()
    rectangle2.draw()

Answer 3

如果你不想更新现有的函数the_rectangle，你可以创建一个装饰器函数来打印矩形的面积，这个面积可以保存下来，以后用来和其他矩形的面积比较，看看哪个更小哪个更大。

这是示例代码：

def area(function):
    def wrapper(*args):
        print('Area of rectangle %d*%d is: %d' % (args[0], args[1], args[0]*args[1]))
        return function(*args)
    return wrapper

@area
def the_rectangle(width, length, color):
    ...

Answer 4

如果您要确定哪个矩形更大，那么存储矩形（或其区域）将是最重要的。您可以根据尺寸计算绘制矩形之前或之后的面积：

# This will allow you to create a rectangle and store its area
# as a three-element tuple
def area(l, w):
    # returns a three-element tuple to represent a rectangle
    return (l, w, l*w)

现在，您可以获取返回的矩形并绘制它。我会使用 * 的参数解包来解包尺寸，然后你知道你将只复制长度和宽度来绘制它，从而减少你必须编写的额外代码量：

def draw_rectangle(*dimensions, color="red"):
    dims = dimensions[:2]*2 # creates a list [l, w, l, w]
    for dim in dims:
        turtle.forward(dim)
        turtle.left(90)

现在，要比较一个矩形，如果一个矩形的面积更大，则它确实比另一个更大，因此您可以取任意数量的矩形并使用itertools.combinations 将它们配对。然后你比较每一对，你可以打印出结果：

from itertools import combinations

def compare_recs(*rectangles):
    for r1, r2 in combinations(rectangles, 2):
        # The third element of your tuple, denoted by the index [2],
        # is your area, which is what you are comparing against here
        bigger, smaller = (r1, r2) if r1[2] >= r2[2] else (r2, r1)
        print(f"The bigger rectangle is {bigger}")
        print(f"The smaller rectangle is {smaller}")

r1 = area(10, 20)
r2 = area(10, 15)
draw_rectangle(*r1, color='red')
draw_rectangle(*r2, color='yellow')


compare_recs(r1, r2)
The bigger rectangle is (10, 20, 200)
The smaller rectangle is (10, 15, 150)

你可以用类来做这件事，但如果你是 Python 新手，我认为这是一个公平的起点。