【发布时间】:2019-03-08 00:38:33
【问题描述】:
在设备驱动程序中,我们如何知道哪些数据在进程之间共享,哪些数据是进程本地的? Linux Device Drivers book 提到了
任何时候硬件或软件资源在单个执行线程之外共享,并且存在一个线程可能遇到该资源的不一致视图的可能性,您必须明确管理对该资源的访问。
但是哪些软件资源可以在线程之间共享,哪些数据不能共享呢?我知道全局变量通常被认为是共享内存,但是还有哪些其他类型的东西需要保护呢?
例如,open、release、read、write 等文件操作中传递的struct inode 和struct file 类型是否被认为是共享的?
在open 内部的main.c 调用中,如果dev(在dev = container_of(inode->i_cdev, struct scull_dev, cdev); 行中)指向全局数组scull_devices 中的struct scull_dev 条目,为什么它不受锁保护?
在scull_write 中,为什么int quantum = dev->quantum, qset = dev->qset; 行没有被信号量锁定,因为它正在访问一个全局变量?
/* In scull.h */
struct scull_qset {
void **data; /* pointer to an array of pointers which each point to a quantum buffer */
struct scull_qset *next;
};
struct scull_dev {
struct scull_qset *data; /* Pointer to first quantum set */
int quantum; /* the current quantum size */
int qset; /* the current array size */
unsigned long size; /* amount of data stored here */
unsigned int access_key; /* used by sculluid and scullpriv */
struct semaphore sem; /* mutual exclusion semaphore */
struct cdev cdev; /* Char device structure */
};
/* In main.c */
struct scull_dev *scull_devices; /* allocated in scull_init_module */
int scull_major = SCULL_MAJOR;
int scull_minor = 0;
int scull_nr_devs = SCULL_NR_DEVS;
int scull_quantum = SCULL_QUANTUM;
int scull_qset = SCULL_QSET;
ssize_t scull_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t count,
loff_t *f_pos)
{
struct scull_dev *dev = filp->private_data; /* flip->private_data assigned in scull_open */
struct scull_qset *dptr;
int quantum = dev->quantum, qset = dev->qset;
int itemsize = quantum * qset;
int item; /* item in linked list */
int s_pos; /* position in qset data array */
int q_pos; /* position in quantum */
int rest;
ssize_t retval = -ENOMEM; /* value used in "goto out" statements */
if (down_interruptible(&dev->sem))
return -ERESTARTSYS;
/* find listitem, qset index and offset in the quantum */
item = (long)*f_pos / itemsize;
rest = (long)*f_pos % itemsize;
s_pos = rest / quantum;
q_pos = rest % quantum;
/* follow the list up to the right position */
dptr = scull_follow(dev, item);
if (dptr == NULL)
goto out;
if (!dptr->data) {
dptr->data = kmalloc(qset * sizeof(char *), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!dptr->data)
goto out;
memset(dptr->data, 0, qset * sizeof(char *));
}
if (!dptr->data[s_pos]) {
dptr->data[s_pos] = kmalloc(quantum, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!dptr->data[s_pos])
goto out;
}
/* write only up to the end of this quantum */
if (count > quantum - q_pos)
count = quantum - q_pos;
if (copy_from_user(dptr->data[s_pos]+q_pos, buf, count)) {
retval = -EFAULT;
goto out;
}
*f_pos += count;
retval = count;
/* update the size */
if (dev->size < *f_pos)
dev->size = *f_pos;
out:
up(&dev->sem);
return retval;
}
int scull_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
struct scull_dev *dev; /* device information */
/* Question: Why was the lock not placed here? */
dev = container_of(inode->i_cdev, struct scull_dev, cdev);
filp->private_data = dev; /* for other methods */
/* now trim to 0 the length of the device if open was write-only */
if ( (filp->f_flags & O_ACCMODE) == O_WRONLY) {
if (down_interruptible(&dev->sem))
return -ERESTARTSYS;
scull_trim(dev); /* ignore errors */
up(&dev->sem);
}
return 0; /* success */
}
int scull_init_module(void)
{
int result, i;
dev_t dev = 0;
/* assigns major and minor numbers (left out for brevity) */
/*
* allocate the devices -- we can't have them static, as the number
* can be specified at load time
*/
scull_devices = kmalloc(scull_nr_devs * sizeof(struct scull_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!scull_devices) {
result = -ENOMEM;
goto fail; /* isn't this redundant? */
}
memset(scull_devices, 0, scull_nr_devs * sizeof(struct scull_dev));
/* Initialize each device. */
for (i = 0; i < scull_nr_devs; i++) {
scull_devices[i].quantum = scull_quantum;
scull_devices[i].qset = scull_qset;
init_MUTEX(&scull_devices[i].sem);
scull_setup_cdev(&scull_devices[i], i);
}
/* some other stuff (left out for brevity) */
return 0; /* succeed */
fail:
scull_cleanup_module(); /* left out for brevity */
return result;
}
/*
* Set up the char_dev structure for this device.
*/
static void scull_setup_cdev(struct scull_dev *dev, int index)
{
int err, devno = MKDEV(scull_major, scull_minor + index);
cdev_init(&dev->cdev, &scull_fops);
dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
dev->cdev.ops = &scull_fops; /* isn't this redundant? */
err = cdev_add (&dev->cdev, devno, 1);
/* Fail gracefully if need be */
if (err)
printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding scull%d", err, index);
}
【问题讨论】:
标签: c concurrency linux-device-driver semaphore