Windows 命令在 cmd 但不是 .bat 文件中工作

Question

我正在尝试替换某些文件中的一行（基于文件扩展名）。该程序未按预期运行，导致问题的命令是以下命令。

FOR /F %%k IN ('TYPE !FILE! ^| FINDSTR /N "^"') DO (

这会返回以下错误：

FINDSTR: No search strings 进程试图写入一个不存在的 管道。

但是，在命令行中运行时，命令本身可以正常工作。我已经花了将近一整天的时间，但无济于事。 FOR /F %k IN ('TYPE <filename> ^| FINDSTR /N "^"') DO echo(%k

我们将不胜感激！

下面提供完整代码供参考。

@echo off
CD data
FOR /F "delims=" %%i IN ('DIR *.ext1 /B') DO (
  SET "FILE=%%i"
  SETLOCAL EnableDelayedExpansion
  echo(!FILE!
  <!FILE! >!FILE!.tmp~ (
    REM Find line number on which Logon command is found
    FOR /F "tokens=1,* delims=: " %%j IN ('FINDSTR /I /N /R "^\.LOGON.*" !FILE!') DO (
      SET "NUM=%%j"
    )
    REM Print all lines along with line number at beginning
    FOR /F %%k IN ('TYPE !FILE! ^| FINDSTR /N "^"') DO (
      SET "LINE=%%k"
      REM Replace entire content of Logon line with Run file command
      FOR /F "tokens=1,* delims=:" %%l IN ("!LINE!") DO IF %%l EQU !NUM! (
        echo(.RUN FILE logon.txt;
      ) ELSE (
        echo(!LINE:*:=!
      )
    )
  )
  MOVE /Y "!FILE!.tmp~" !%FILE!"
  ENDLOCAL
)
CD ..

Answer 1

只要您的源运行文件没有任何以 : 字符开头的行，以下可能提供执行任务的替代方法：

@%__AppDir__%where.exe /Q "data":"*.mload" >NUL 2>&1 && (CD "data"
    For /F "EOL=? Delims=" %%H In (
        '%__AppDir__%findstr.exe /IM "\<\.LOGON\>" "*.mload" 2^>NUL'
    ) Do @(Copy /Y "%%H" "%%~nH.tmp~" >NUL && (
                For /F "Tokens=1,* Delims=:" %%I In (
                    '%__AppDir__%findstr.exe /N "^" "%%~nH.tmp~"'
                ) Do @Set /P "=:%%J"<NUL|%__AppDir__%findstr.exe /LIB ":.LOGON " >NUL && (
                        Echo .RUN FILE logon.txt;) || Echo=%%J)>"%%H"
        Del "%%~nH.tmp~" 2>NUL))

为了清楚起见，我对您的要求的阅读是，将.\data 中所有.mload 文件中的所有行替换为不区分大小写的字符串.LOGON 开头的行.RUN FILE login.txt;

Answer 2

FOR /F %%k IN ('TYPE !FILE! ^| FINDSTR /N "^"') DO ( 行中的问题是您启用了delayed variable expansion，即使在被引用时也会使用插入符号^ 进行转义。详情另请参阅此帖：How does the Windows Command Interpreter (CMD.EXE) parse scripts?

要解决此问题，您只需将插入符号加倍：

FOR /F %%k IN ('TYPE !FILE! ^| FINDSTR /N "^^"') DO (

请注意，将$ 指定为findstr 的搜索字符串会跳过输入数据的最后一行，以防它没有被换行符终止。另请注意，$ 锚定回车字符，该字符仅存在于带有 Windows 样式的行尾标记回车加换行符的文本文件中。

---

无论如何，这是您代码的固定变体，它尽可能避免延迟扩展，因此实际上不需要加倍插入符号：

@echo off
setlocal EnableExtensions DisableDelayedExpansion

rem // It is assumed here that the parent directory of the script is the root location:
pushd "%~dp0data" && (
    for /F "delims=" %%I in ('dir /B /A:-D-H-S "*.ext1"') do (
        set "FILE=%%I"
        echo(%%I
        rem // Here `%%I` is used instead of `!FILE!` since delayed expansion is disabled:
        < "%%I" > "%%I.tmp~" (
            rem // Use right word boundary `\>` in the search string:
            for /F "tokens=1,* delims=:" %%J in ('findstr /I /N /R "^\.LOGON\>" "%%I"') do (
                rem /* Since this loop should iterate once only anyway, the interim variable
                rem    `NUM` is actually not really needed when the remaining code is also
                rem    placed within the loop body: */
                rem set "NUM=%%J"
                rem // At this point delayed expansion is still disabled:
                for /F %%K in ('type "%%I" ^| findstr /N "^"') do (
                    set "LINE=%%K"
                    rem // Here `%%J` is used instead of `!NUM!`:
                    for /F "tokens=1,* delims=:" %%L in ("!LINE!") do if %%L equ %%J (
                        echo(.RUN FILE logon.txt;
                    ) else (
                        rem // This is the only part where delayed expansion is needed:
                        setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
                        echo(!LINE:*:=!
                        endlocal
                    )
                )
            )
        )
        > nul move /Y "%%I.tmp~" "%%I"
    )
    popd
)

endlocal
exit /B

Answer 3

感谢菲尔的建议，但没有奏效。

奇怪的是，我尝试使用行尾字符 $ 而不是行首 ^ 并且似乎成功了。

似乎 ^ 被视为文字，甚至用 \ 转义它也无法按预期工作。

第一个工作解决方案

FOR /F "delims=" %%i IN ('DIR *.ext1 /B') DO (
  SET "FILE=%%i"
  SETLOCAL EnableDelayedExpansion
  <!FILE! >!FILE!.tmp~ (
    REM Find line number on which Logon command is found
    FOR /F "tokens=1,* delims=:" %%j IN ('FINDSTR /I /N /R "^\.LOGON.*" !FILE!') DO (
      SET "NUM=%%j"
    )
    REM Print all lines along with line number at beginning
    FOR /F "tokens=1,* delims=" %%k IN ('FINDSTR /N "$" !FILE!') DO (
      SET "LINE=%%k"
      REM Replace entire content of Logon line with Run file command
      FOR /F "tokens=1,* delims=:" %%l IN ("!LINE!") DO IF %%l EQU !NUM! (
        echo(.RUN FILE logon.txt;
      ) ELSE (
        echo(!LINE:*:=!
      )
    )
  )
  MOVE /Y !FILE!.tmp~ !FILE!
  echo Auto-generated !FILE!
  ENDLOCAL
)

修订的工作解决方案（感谢aschipfl）

@echo off
setlocal EnableExtensions DisableDelayedExpansion
pushd "%~dp0data" && (
    rem // Loop through all files with .mload file extension:
    for /F "delims=" %%I in ('dir /B /A:-D-H-S "*.mload"') do (
        < "%%I" > "%%I.tmp~" (
            rem // Use beginning of line position with .logon in the search string:
            for /F "tokens=1,* delims=:" %%J in ('findstr /I /N /R "^\.logon" "%%I"') do (
                rem // Use beginning of line position in the search string:
                for /F "delims=" %%K in ('type "%%I" ^| findstr /N "^"') do (
                    rem // Match current line number with previously searched line:
                    for /F "tokens=1,* delims=:" %%L in ("%%K") do if %%L equ %%J (
                        echo(.RUN FILE logon.txt;
                    ) else (
                        echo(%%M
                    )
                )
            )
        )
        > nul move /Y "%%I.tmp~" "%%I"
    )
    popd
)