java.lang.NoSuchFieldError：来自带有 twilio 的 linux 终端的 DEF_CONTENT_CHARSET答案

【问题标题】：java.lang.NoSuchFieldError: DEF_CONTENT_CHARSET from linux terminal with twiliojava.lang.NoSuchFieldError：来自带有 twilio 的 linux 终端的 DEF_CONTENT_CHARSET
【发布时间】：2015-08-25 00:31:40
【问题描述】：

在一个从 CentOS 终端运行的小型 java 程序中，当我在 CentOS 7 终端输入 java -cp .:"../dependencies/*" mainpackage.SendText xxxxxxxxxx HelloThere 时，我收到了 java.lang.NoSuchFieldError: DEF_CONTENT_CHARSET 错误。 如何解决此错误，以便程序可以从命令行成功运行？

终端输入输出如下：

[user@domain bin]$ java -cp .:"../dependencies/*" mainpackage.SendText xxxxxxxxxx HelloThere
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoSuchFieldError: DEF_CONTENT_CHARSET
at org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient.setDefaultHttpParams(DefaultHttpClient.java:175)
at org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient.createHttpParams(DefaultHttpClient.java:158)
at org.apache.http.impl.client.AbstractHttpClient.getParams(AbstractHttpClient.java:448)
at com.twilio.sdk.TwilioRestClient.<init>(TwilioRestClient.java:151)
at com.twilio.sdk.TwilioRestClient.<init>(TwilioRestClient.java:110)
at mainpackage.SendText.main(SendText.java:20)

其中xxxxxxxxxx 和HelloThere 是程序的参数，如下所示。

注意代码的目录结构是：

/home/user/javacode                      #contains SendText.java
/home/user/javacode/bin/mainpackage/     #contains SendText.class
/home/user/javacode/dependencies         #contains jar files

我读到this other posting 指出问题是由classpath 中httpcore 的冗余版本引起的，因此我移至父目录并递归搜索名称中带有httpcore 的所有文件，但是得到了以下结果，似乎只显示了httpcore的一个版本：

[user@domain bin]$ cd /home/user/javacode/
[user@domain javacode]$ find . -name "*http*"
./dependencies/httpcore-4.1.2.jar
./dependencies/httpclient-4.2.3.jar
./dependencies/httpclient-4.2.3.jar.sha1
./dependencies/httpclient-4.2.3.pom
./dependencies/httpclient-4.2.3.pom.sha1
./dependencies/httpclient-4.1.2.jar
[user@domain javacode]$

抛出错误的代码行是：TwilioRestClient client = new TwilioRestClient(ACCOUNT_SID, AUTH_TOKEN);，小程序的完整代码是：

package mainpackage;

import com.twilio.sdk.TwilioRestClient;
import com.twilio.sdk.TwilioRestException;
import com.twilio.sdk.resource.factory.MessageFactory;
import com.twilio.sdk.resource.instance.Message;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class SendText {

  public static final String ACCOUNT_SID = "arealsid";
  public static final String AUTH_TOKEN = "arealtoken";

  public static void main(String[] args) throws TwilioRestException {
    TwilioRestClient client = new TwilioRestClient(ACCOUNT_SID, AUTH_TOKEN);
    String to = args[0];
    String body = args[1];
    // Build a filter for the MessageList
    List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
    params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("Body", body));
    params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("To", to));
    params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("From", "+11234567654"));

    MessageFactory messageFactory = client.getAccount().getMessageFactory();
    Message message = messageFactory.create(params);
    System.out.println(message.getSid());
      }
    }

/dependencies文件夹的完整内容是：

[user@domain bin]$ cd /home/user/javacode/dependencies
[user@domain dependencies]$ ls -al
total 39464
drwxrwxr-x 5 user user    8192 Aug 24 19:18 .
drwxrwxr-x 4 user user      76 Aug 21 22:29 ..
drwxrwxr-x 2 user user       6 Aug 22 05:05 1.2
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user       6 Aug 22 03:00 3.4.5
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user       6 Aug 22 03:01 4.2.3
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  445288 Aug 24 19:17 antlr-2.7.7.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user    4467 Aug 24 19:17 aopalliance-1.0.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  119683 Aug 24 19:17 aspectjrt-1.7.4.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user 1850391 Aug 24 19:17 aspectjweaver-1.7.4.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  255692 Aug 24 19:17 bcpg-jdk15on-1.51.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user 2842667 Aug 24 19:17 bcprov-jdk15on-1.51.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  140580 Aug 24 19:17 bootstrap-2.3.0.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  156396 Aug 24 19:17 common-2.2.3.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  232019 Aug 24 19:17 commons-beanutils-1.8.3.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   58160 Aug 24 19:17 commons-codec-1.4.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  146108 Aug 24 19:17 commons-digester-1.8.1.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   53082 Aug 24 19:17 commons-fileupload-1.2.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   87776 Aug 24 19:17 commons-io-1.3.2.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  284220 Aug 24 19:17 commons-lang-2.6.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  385091 Aug 24 19:17 commons-lang3-3.2.1.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   60686 Aug 24 19:17 commons-logging-1.1.1.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   61829 Aug 22 05:01 commons-logging-1.2.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user      40 Aug 22 05:01 commons-logging-1.2.jar.sha1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user   19206 Aug 22 05:01 commons-logging-1.2.pom
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user      40 Aug 22 05:01 commons-logging-1.2.pom.sha1
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  390116 Aug 24 19:17 datatables-core-0.9.2.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user    5295 Aug 24 19:17 datatables-export-itext-0.9.2.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   42220 Aug 24 19:17 datatables-jsp-0.9.2.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user    6484 Aug 24 19:17 datatables-servlet2-0.9.2.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  313898 Aug 24 19:17 dom4j-1.6.1.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  750664 Aug 24 19:17 ecore-2.2.3.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user 1346296 Aug 24 19:17 ehcache-core-2.6.6.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   81271 Aug 24 19:17 hibernate-commons-annotations-4.0.1.Final.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user 4613189 Aug 24 19:17 hibernate-core-4.2.1.Final.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  138093 Aug 24 19:17 hibernate-ehcache-4.2.1.Final.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  484520 Aug 24 19:17 hibernate-entitymanager-4.2.1.Final.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  102661 Aug 24 19:17 hibernate-jpa-2.0-api-1.0.1.Final.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  477382 Aug 24 19:17 hibernate-validator-4.3.1.Final.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  352254 Aug 24 19:17 httpclient-4.1.2.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  433071 Aug 22 02:36 httpclient-4.2.3.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user      40 Aug 22 02:36 httpclient-4.2.3.jar.sha1
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user    5911 Aug 22 02:36 httpclient-4.2.3.pom
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user      40 Aug 22 02:36 httpclient-4.2.3.pom.sha1
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  181200 Aug 24 19:18 httpcore-4.1.2.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   38139 Aug 24 19:18 hyperjaxb3-ejb-runtime-0.6.0.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user 1810034 Aug 24 19:18 itextpdf-5.3.4.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  228268 Aug 24 19:18 jackson-core-asl-1.9.3.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  773019 Aug 24 19:18 jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.3.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  648253 Aug 24 19:18 javassist-3.15.0-GA.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  582024 Aug 24 19:18 javax.mail.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  141164 Aug 24 19:18 jaxb2-basics-runtime-0.8.2.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   60768 Aug 24 19:18 jboss-logging-3.1.0.GA.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   25215 Aug 24 19:18 jboss-transaction-api_1.1_spec-1.0.1.Final.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   16458 Aug 24 19:18 jcl-over-slf4j-1.7.1.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  153253 Aug 24 19:18 jdom-1.0.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  581571 Aug 24 19:18 joda-time-2.3.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   29691 Aug 24 19:18 joda-time-hibernate-1.3.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   34417 Aug 24 19:18 joda-time-jsptags-1.1.1.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  155031 Aug 24 19:18 jquery-2.0.3-1.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  618763 Aug 24 19:18 jquery-ui-1.10.3.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   23931 Aug 24 19:18 json-simple-1.1.1.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   16046 Aug 24 19:18 json-simple-1.1.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  414240 Aug 24 19:18 jstl-1.2.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  264600 Aug 24 19:18 logback-classic-1.0.13.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  418870 Aug 24 19:18 logback-core-1.0.13.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user      98 Aug 22 02:31 m2e-lastUpdated.properties
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  872300 Aug 24 19:18 mysql-connector-java-5.1.27.jar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user     199 Aug 22 05:01 _remote.repositories
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  219683 Aug 24 19:18 rome-1.0.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   26084 Aug 24 19:18 slf4j-api-1.7.5.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  335679 Aug 24 19:18 spring-aop-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  359456 Aug 24 19:18 spring-aop-4.1.7.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  610657 Aug 24 19:18 spring-beans-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  712395 Aug 24 19:18 spring-beans-4.1.7.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  865109 Aug 24 19:18 spring-context-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user 1026661 Aug 24 19:18 spring-context-4.1.7.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  127744 Aug 24 19:18 spring-context-support-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  178151 Aug 24 19:18 spring-context-support-4.1.7.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  870616 Aug 24 19:18 spring-core-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user 1008584 Aug 24 19:18 spring-core-4.1.7.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  382147 Aug 24 19:18 spring-data-commons-1.6.2.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  161900 Aug 24 19:18 spring-data-jpa-1.4.2.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  196929 Aug 24 19:18 spring-expression-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  259197 Aug 24 19:18 spring-expression-4.1.7.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  405160 Aug 24 19:18 spring-jdbc-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  426716 Aug 24 19:18 spring-jdbc-4.1.7.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  205995 Aug 24 19:18 spring-jms-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  269447 Aug 24 19:18 spring-jms-4.1.7.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  285829 Aug 24 19:18 spring-messaging-4.1.7.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  385012 Aug 24 19:18 spring-orm-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  376254 Aug 24 19:18 spring-orm-4.1.7.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   74705 Aug 24 19:18 spring-oxm-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   82949 Aug 24 19:18 spring-oxm-4.1.7.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   83411 Aug 24 19:18 spring-security-acl-3.2.2.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  406230 Aug 24 19:18 spring-security-config-3.2.2.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  359632 Aug 24 19:18 spring-security-core-3.2.2.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   24511 Aug 24 19:18 spring-security-taglibs-3.2.2.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  342221 Aug 24 19:18 spring-security-web-3.2.2.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  242189 Aug 24 19:18 spring-tx-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  252964 Aug 24 19:18 spring-tx-4.1.7.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  627339 Aug 24 19:18 spring-web-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  722215 Aug 24 19:18 spring-web-4.1.7.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  637193 Aug 24 19:18 spring-webmvc-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  782723 Aug 24 19:18 spring-webmvc-4.1.7.RELEASE.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   26664 Aug 24 19:18 tiles-api-2.1.3.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  135193 Aug 24 19:18 tiles-core-2.1.3.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   55083 Aug 24 19:18 tiles-jsp-2.1.3.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   53036 Aug 24 19:18 tiles-servlet-2.1.3.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  124006 Aug 24 19:18 tomcat-jdbc-7.0.42.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   38333 Aug 24 19:18 tomcat-juli-7.0.42.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  165092 Aug 24 19:18 twilio-java-sdk-3.4.5.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user      40 Aug 22 02:31 twilio-java-sdk-3.4.5.jar.sha1
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user    5113 Aug 22 02:31 twilio-java-sdk-3.4.5.pom
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user      40 Aug 22 02:31 twilio-java-sdk-3.4.5.pom.sha1
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  129098 Aug 22 02:31 twilio-java-sdk-3.4.5-sources.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user      40 Aug 22 02:31 twilio-java-sdk-3.4.5-sources.jar.sha1
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user  134530 Aug 24 19:18 usertype.core-3.1.0.CR8.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   53688 Aug 24 19:18 usertype.spi-3.1.0.CR8.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   47433 Aug 24 19:18 validation-api-1.0.0.GA.jar

然后我查看了依赖关系的上述ls -al中的文件夹内容是否有任何内容，但是得到如下结果，这似乎表明它们是空的：

[user@domain dependencies]$ cd /home/user/javacode/dependencies/1.2/
[user@domain 1.2]$ ls -al
total 12
drwxrwxr-x 2 user user    6 Aug 22 05:05 .
drwxrwxr-x 5 user user 8192 Aug 24 19:18 ..
[user@domain 1.2]$ cd /home/user/javacode/dependencies/3.4.5/
[user@domain 3.4.5]$ ls -al
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user    6 Aug 22 03:00 .
drwxrwxr-x 5 user user 8192 Aug 24 19:18 ..
[user@domain 3.4.5]$ cd /home/user/javacode/dependencies/4.2.3/
[user@domain 4.2.3]$ ls -al
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user    6 Aug 22 03:01 .
drwxrwxr-x 5 user user 8192 Aug 24 19:18 ..
[user@domain 4.2.3]$

那么我该如何解决这个错误并让这个程序从命令行成功运行呢？

回答：

解决方案是将终端导航到dependencies 目录，然后键入以下四个命令，然后再次尝试从命令行运行 java 代码：

rm httpclient-4.2.3.pom
rm httpclient-4.2.3.pom.sha1
rm httpclient-4.2.3.jar
rm httpclient-4.2.3.jar.sha1

一位用户在下面暗示了这个大致方向的猜测，所以我将其标记为已接受的答案。但实际的解决方案是四行 rm 命令，消除了冗余的httpclient 库。

【问题讨论】：

标签： java linux terminal twilio javac

【解决方案1】：

如果您在运行时收到NoSuchFieldError，最可能的解释是在运行时呈现的至少一个类的版本与编译时呈现的不同，并且正在尝试使用引用该已更改类的编译时版本的字段，该字段在同一类的运行时版本中不存在。

很难准确判断不兼容的地方，但我的第一个猜测是 httpclient 和 httpcore 的版本不兼容。请注意，虽然您只有一个版本的后者，但您有两个版本的前者。我想最有可能的是版本号完全匹配的 httpclient 和 httpcore 是打算一起工作的。

【讨论】：