它是几个 shell 功能之一,通常称为 shell 扩展。这种特殊的扩展被称为参数扩展*。
您可以将这种特殊的 shell 扩展形式视为 left-truncate 字符串函数。您必须使用如图所示的大括号(这不是可选的)..
当你只使用一个#时,这意味着只左截断后面模式的第一个出现(直到结束}。当你使用两个##时,这意味着左截断所有连续模式匹配。var="a/b/c"; echo ${var#*/}的结果是b/c...echo ${var##*/}返回c。
有一个互补的右截断。它使用% 而不是#...(我“记住”这是因为# 就像一个bash 评论;总是在左边)。
* 被视为 bash 通配符扩展。
这里是所有 shell 扩展的列表,按优先顺序显示。
展开顺序为:
1. brace expansion ... prefix{-,\,}postfix # prefix-postfix prefix,postfix
.. {oct,hex,dec,bin} # oct hex dec bin
. {a..b}{1..2} # a1 a2 b1 b2
. {1..04} # 01 02 03 04
. {01..4} # 01 02 03 04
. {1..9..2} # 1 3 5 7 9
. \$\'\\x{0..7}{{0..9},{A..F}}\' # $'\x00' .. $'\x7F'
2. tilde expansion .... ~ # $HOME
... ~axiom # $(dirname "$HOME")/axiom
... ~fred # $(dirname "$HOME")/fred
.. ~+ # $PWD (current working directory)
.. ~- # $OLDPWD (previous working directory. If OLDPWD is unset,
~- is not expanded. ie. It stays as-is,
regardless of the state of nullglob.)
# Expansion for Directories in Stack. ie.
# The list printed by 'dirs' when invoked without options
. ~+N # Nth directory in 'dirs' list (from LHS)
. ~-N # Nth directory in 'dirs' list (from RHS)
3. parameter expansion .... ${VAR/b/-dd-}
... ${TEST_MODE:-0}
.. ${str: -3:2} # note space after :
. ${#string}
4. (processed left-to-right)
variable expansion
arithmetic expansion
command substitution
▶5. word splitting # based on $IFS (Internal Field Seperator)
▷6. pathname expansion
according to options such as:
nullglob, GLOBIGNORE, ...and more
# Note: ===============
▶ 5. word splitting ↰
▷ 6. pathname expansion ↰
# ===================== ↳ are not performed on words between [[ and ]]