从活动访问片段时Android罕见的NPE

Question

我在 Android 中有一个包含框架布局的活动。其中一个框架布局是用片段膨胀的。 在片段的onResume() 中，调用了一个在Activity 中实现的监听器。 侦听器然后调用片段的方法。此时，片段的引用发生了 NPE。

这种情况很少发生，但至少被复制了 2 次。 我怀疑问题与活动和片段的生命周期有关。 当 Activity 仍处于生命周期的 onCreate() 步骤中时，就会对片段进行引用，这可能在片段初始化之前。

我的分析正确吗？如何预防 NPE？

这是代码（请记住，我已经重命名了很多代码并删除了看起来不相关的部分）：

活动：

FoodsActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements FruitStateFragment.OnAppleSelectedListener {

    private Context mContext;
    private FruitsManager mFruitsManagr;
    private FruitStateFragment mFruitStateFragment;


    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.foods_activity);

        if (savedInstanceState != null) {
            return;
        }

        if (mContext == null) {
            mContext = getApplicationContext();
        }
        mFruitsManagr = FruitsManager.get(mContext);

        if (findViewById(R.id.fl_fruits_status) != null) {
            mFruitStateFragment = new FruitStateFragment();
            mFruitStateFragment.setArguments(getIntent().getExtras());
            getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
                    .add(R.id.fl_fruits_status, mFruitStateFragment, "FruitStateFragment").commit();
        }

        mFruitsManagr.setApple(0);
    }

    @Override
    public void onAttachFragment(Fragment fragment) {
        if (fragment instanceof FruitStateFragment) {
            FruitStateFragment fruitStateFragment = (FruitStateFragment) fragment;
            fruitStateFragment.setOnAppleSelectedListener(this);
        }
    }

    public void onAppleSelected(Integer appleNum) {
        FruitsManager fManager = FruitsManager.get(mContext);
        fManager.setApple(appleNum);
        // NPE on mFruitStateFragment
        mFruitStateFragment.updateBasketUi(fManager.getActiveBasketName());
    }   
}

片段：

FruitStateFragment extends Fragment {

    private Context mContext;

    FruitsManager mFruitsManagr;
    OnAppleSelectedListener mAppleCallback;

    public void setOnAppleSelectedListener(OnAppleSelectedListener callback) {
        this.mAppleCallback = callback;
    }

    public interface OnAppleSelectedListener {
        void onAppleSelected(Integer appleNum);
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        if (mContext == null) {
            mContext = getActivity().getApplicationContext();
        }
        mFruitsManagr = FruitsManager.get(mContext);
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        mAppleCallback.onAppleSelected(mFruitsManagr.getActiveApple());
    }

    void updateBasketUi(String basketName) {
    }

}

经理：

public class FruitsManager {

    private static FruitsManager sMe;
    private Context mContext;

    private static int mActiveApple = 0;
    private static String mActiveBasketName = "";

    private FruitsManager(Context context) {
        mContext = context;
        initInterfaces();
    }

    public int getActiveApple() {
        return mActiveApple;
    }

    public int getActiveBasketName() {
        return mActiveBasketName;
    }

}

日志：

D FRUITS: 0001 onCreate (FoodsActivity%onCreate:)
D FRUITS: 0002 onCreate (FruitStateFragment%onCreate:)
D FRUITS: 0003 onCreateView (FruitStateFragment%onCreateView:)
D FRUITS: 0004 onActivityCreated (FruitStateFragment%onActivityCreated:)
D FRUITS: 0005 initViews (FruitStateFragment%initViews:)
D FRUITS: 0006 onResume (FruitStateFragment%onResume:)
E AndroidRuntime: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to resume activity {com.hi/FoodsActivity}: java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'void com.hi.FruitStateFragment.updateBasketUi(java.lang.String)' on a null object reference

Answer 1

这些行：

if (savedInstanceState != null) {
    return;
}

意味着您在重新创建活动时从未设置您的mFruitStateFragment 变量 - 您仅在首次添加片段时设置它。这也意味着您的mFruitsManagr 和mContext 也没有设置，因为它也在该行之后。如果您希望每次创建活动时都可以使用这些检查，则应删除该检查并仅包装应该只发生一次的事情。

这意味着您的活动应该看起来像

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.foods_activity);

    if (mContext == null) {
        mContext = getApplicationContext();
    }
    mFruitsManagr = FruitsManager.get(mContext);

    if (savedInstanceState == null) {
        mFruitStateFragment = new FruitStateFragment();
        mFruitStateFragment.setArguments(getIntent().getExtras());
        getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
                .add(R.id.fl_fruits_status, mFruitStateFragment, "FruitStateFragment").commit();
        // I assume this shouldn't be set every time the activity
        // is recreated
        mFruitsManagr.setApple(0);
    } else {
        // Get the Fragment that is already created from the FragmentManager
        mFruitStateFragment = getSupportFragmentManager()
            .findFragmentById(R.id.fl_fruits_status);
    }
}

当然，由于您使用的是onAttachFragment()，因此您也可以从那里获得参考，因为每次重新创建活动时都会调用该参考：

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.foods_activity);

    if (mContext == null) {
        mContext = getApplicationContext();
    }
    mFruitsManagr = FruitsManager.get(mContext);

    if (savedInstanceState == null) {
        // We'll store a reference to this in onAttachFragment()
        FruitStateFragment fruitStateFragment = new FruitStateFragment();
        fruitStateFragment.setArguments(getIntent().getExtras());
        getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
                .add(R.id.fl_fruits_status, fruitStateFragment, "FruitStateFragment").commit();
        // I assume this shouldn't be set every time the activity
        // is recreated
        mFruitsManagr.setApple(0);
    }
}

@Override
public void onAttachFragment(Fragment fragment) {
    if (fragment instanceof FruitStateFragment) {
        // This get called every time the activity is created,
        // ensuring that mFruitStateFragment is always set
        mFruitStateFragment = (FruitStateFragment) fragment;
        mFruitStateFragment.setOnSimNumSelectedListener(this);
    }
}